Biology Cell Structure and Function Exam Review

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering cell structure, function, and processes related to eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

What feature is unique to archaea and bacteria as depicted in a typical rod-shaped bacterium?

The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.

What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization offer to eukaryotes?

Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation that can be regulated separately.

What is a claim about the relationship between organelles I, II, and III in a eukaryotic cell?

All three organelles play a direct role in the production, modification, and transport of proteins that are released from the cell.

How does the size and shape of a cell affect its ability to move substances across the membrane?

Larger and more round-shaped cells are more efficient at moving substances across the membrane than small round-shaped cells.

What is the relationship between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Both depend on a concentration gradient.

How does aldosterone most likely enter target cells?

By simple diffusion because aldosterone can enter a cell by moving across the plasma membrane and down the concentration gradient.

What component affects membrane stability in the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes?

Steroids, such as cholesterol, give membranes more stability.

What is the most relevant scientific question related to the model of cytosol and extracellular fluid?

Do the types of phospholipids in a membrane affect the rate at which molecules enter a cell by passive diffusion?

What occurs if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient?

The cells exposed to hypotonic solutions will expand as water moves osmotically into the cells from the blood.