Textile Science Final Exam

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Scouring

A finishing step in which soil, excess chemicals, or fiber coatings such as natural waxes or oils are removed.

Selvage

The self-edge of the fabric where filling yarns end or turn to go through another shed.

Singeing

A finish that burns fiber ends from the fabric to produce a smooth surface.

Aesthetic finishes

Finishes that alter the way a fabric looks or feels.

Durable finish

A finish that lasts for the life of the product, but the performance diminishes with time.

Semi-durable finish

A finish that remains for a few washes but will eventually wear off.

Temporary finish

A finish that is removed during the first care cycle or has a very short life span.

Permanent finish

A finish whose effectiveness will not diminish with time or use.

Renewable finish

A finish that can be replaced by consumers, dry cleaners, or other firms when its effectiveness has been decreased or destroyed.

Greige goods

A generic term used to describe any unfinished woven or knitted fabric.

Converted or finished goods

Fabrics that have completed the production process and are ready to be made into apparel or furnishings.

Tentering

A finishing step in which the fabric is stretched out to full width, often combined with other finishing steps like heat-setting.

Mercerization

A finish in which sodium hydroxide is used to increase cotton’s absorbency, luster, and strength.

Sizing/slashing

A starch, resin, or gelatinous substance added to warp yarns in preparing them for weaving.

Cire’ finish

A process in which a thermoplastic fabric is calendered with one roll hot enough to slightly melt and flatten the fiber surfaces.

Moire’ finish

A finish that creates a watermarked or wood-grain texture on rib or unbalanced plain-weave fabrics.

Glazed chintz

A medium-weight to heavyweight-weave fabric finished with a glaze, often referred to as a glazed chintz.

Burnout fabric finish

Effects produced by printing a chemical solvent on a blend fabric made of different fibers, dissolving one fiber.

Special purpose (functional) finish

All finishes that improve fabric performance or minimize fabric problems.

Calendaring

A common finishing technique in which fabric is passed between cylinders to achieve a specific effect.

Bleaching

The process of whitening fibers, yarns, or fabrics by removing irregular natural color.

Napping

A finish in which fiber ends are brushed to the surface to produce a softer hand.

Embossing

A finish that creates a localized surface glazing of thermoplastic fibers or a 3D effect on fabric.

Stain and soil repellent finish

A chemical surface coating on fabrics to improve soil removal during cleaning.

Fume fading resistant finish

A finish used most often on acetate dyed fabric to resist fading.

Water repellent

Minimizes the wettability of a fabric; may result in stain resistance as well.

Waterproof fabric

A coated or composite fabric that water will not penetrate regardless of contact time or force.

Fiber dyed

The addition of color to textiles in fiber form, adding pigment before fibers are extruded.

Yarn dyed

A process of adding color to yarns usually by dye.

Piece/fabric dyed

Describes adding color to a textile when it is in fabric form.

Product dyed

The process of adding color to the textile after it has been cut and sewn into the final product.

Crocking

A color problem where abrasion transfers color to the abradant.

Bleeding

A problem that occurs when dye leaves the fiber when wet, staining other fibers.

Out-of-register

A problem with printed fabrics where the edges of a print do not match as intended.

Tweed fabric

A general term for wool or wool-like-fabrics made of tweed, flock, or fake novelty yarns.

Resist-dyed

A general term referring to methods of resist dying in textiles.

Ikat

A resist printing method where yarns are treated to resist dye, then woven into fabric.

Batik

A hand process where wax is applied to fabric to prevent dye uptake and create a design.

Tie-dyed

A resist dying process where portions of fabric or yarn are tied to prevent dye absorption.

Discharge print

A process in which color is applied to its final location as a paste or powder.

Solution dyed fibers

The addition of colored pigments to polymer solutions prior to fiber extrusion.

Sunbrella fabric

A type of acrylic fabric often associated with outdoor use.

Roller printing

The application of color in localized areas through the use of engraved rollers.

Screen printing

A method for applying color in fabrics using rotary and flat bed screens.