Textile Science Final Exam
ADM 2310 – Final Exam
CH. 16,17,18,19
Review Sheet
Scouring – a finishing step in which soil, excess chemicals, or fiber coatings such as natural waxes or oils are removed
Selvage – the self-edge of the fabric where filling yarns end or turn to go through another shed
Singeing – a finish that burns fiber ends from the fabric to produce a smooth surface
aesthetic finishes – a finish that alters the way a fabric looks or feels
durable – a finish that lasts for the life of the product, but the performance diminishes with time
semi-durable – a finish that remains for a few washes, not all, but will eventually wear off
temporary – a finish that is removed during the first care cycle or that has a very short life span
permanent – a finish whose effectiveness will not diminish with time or use
renewable finish – a finish that can be replaced by consumers, dry cleaners, or other firms when its effectiveness has been decreased or destroyed
greige goods – a generic term used to describe any unfinished woven or knitted fabric
converted or finished goods – fabrics that have completed the production process and are ready to be made into apparel or furnishings
tentering – a finishing step in which the fabric is stretched out to full width and is often combined with other finishing steps like heat-setting. If poorly done, it contributes to bow and skew
mercerization – finish in which sodium hydroxide is used to increase cotton’s absorbency, luster, and strength.
Sizing/slashing – a starch, resin, or gelatinous substance added to warp yarns in preparing them for weaving and fabrics to increase body and abrasion resistance; the process of adding sizing compounds to yarns before weaving; the process of adding body to clean fabric
cire’ finish – a process in which a thermoplastic fabric is calenderer with one roll hot enough to slightly melt and flatten the fiber surfaces
moire’ finish – a finish that watermarked or wood-grain texture on rib or unbalanced plain-weave fabrics like taffeta.
glazed chintz (resin embedded onto it) – a medium-weight to heavyweight-weave, spun-yarn fabric finished with a glaze, piece-dyed or printed, often referred to a glazed chintz
burnout fabric finish – effects produced by printing a chemical solvent on a blend fabric made of different generic fibers. One fiber, usually the more solvent-sensitive fiber, is dissolved, leaving sheer areas.
special purpose (functional) finish – all finishes that improve fabric performance or minimize fabric problems
calendaring – a common finishing technique in which fabric is passed between cylinders to achieve a specific effect. See specific types of calendaring: embossed fabric, friction, moire, schreiner and simple
bleaching – is the process of whitening fibers, yarns, or fabrics by removing irregular natural color.
napping – a finish in which fiber ends are brushed to the surface to produce a softer hand
embossing – a finish in which a localized surface glazing of thermoplastic fibers is achieved or a 3D effect is created to imitate a more elaborate fabric structure
stain and soil repellent finish – a chemical surface coating on fabrics to improve soil removal during cleaning
fume fading resistant finish used most often on acetate dyed fabric!
water repellent – minimizes the wettability of a fabric; may result in stain resistance as well
waterproof fabric – a coated or composite fabric that water will not penetrate regardless of the amount of time it is in contact with the fabric or the force with which it hits the fabric
fiber dyed – the addition of color, generally as dyes, to textiles while they are in fiber form; adding pigment to fiber solutions before fibers are extruded
yarn dyed – a process of adding color, usually dye, to yarns
piece/fabric dyed – describes adding color to a textile when it is in fabric form; the industry preferred term
product dyed – the process of adding color to the textile after it has been cut and sewn into the final product
crocking – a color problem in which abrasion transfers color to the abradant
bleeding – a problem that occurs when dye leaves the fiber when it gets wet, as in laundering. Dyes that bleed may be absorbed by and stain other fibers.
out-of-register – a problem with some printed fabrics where the edges of a print do not match as the designer intended
tweed fabric – when is it dyed –
tweed weave – a general term for wool or wool-like-fabrics made of tweed, flock or fake novelty yarns in plain, twill, or twill-variation weaves
resist-dyed – a general term referring to several methods of resist dying
ikat – a resist printing metho; yarns are treated to resist dye in certain areas, dyed, and woven into fabric
batik – a hand process of one or more steps in which wax is applied in a design to the fabric to prevent dye take-up and create a design
tie-dyed – a resist dying process, portions of the fabric or yarn are tied to prevent dye absorption in those areas
discharge print – a process in which the color is applied to its final location as a paste or power
solution dyed fibers – the addition of colored pigments to polymer solutions prior to fiber extrusion; also known as mass pigmentation
Sunbrella fabric (I’m going to ask about it again!) 😉 – acrylic!
Roller printing – the application of color in localized areas through the use of engraved rollers
Screen printing – rotary and flat bed (used for interior fabrics with a large repeat)
*high production speeds and large fabric runs make it economical – more so than direct roller printing
