AP BIO UNIT 2

Specific Heat

Heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Calorie

thermal energy; heat needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

Covalent Bond

share valance electrons; intramolecular bond

Ionic Bond

attraction between oppositely charged ions; electron transfer

Hydrogen Bond

weak intermolecular attraction between a partial positive H and a partial negative (O or N)

Electronegativity

within a covalent bond; affinity or pulling power for electrons

Adhesion

water sticking to other polar or charged surfaces via hydrogen bonding

Cohesion

water molecules sticking to each other via hydrogen bonds

Surface Tension

difficulty of breaking a liquid’s surface; driven by cohesive hydrogen bonding

Solute

substance dissolved in a solution

Solvent

dissolving agent of a solution

Hydrophilic

“water-loving”; polar or charged molecules that easily dissolve in water

Hydrophobic

“water-fearing”; nonpolar, uncharged molecules that repel water

Polarity

unequal distribution of charge in a molecule; partial positive and negative ends

Evaporative Cooling

lowers air temperature, turns liquid water into water vapor, absorbs heat from the air