Marketing Final 2

Distribution Channel

Interdependent organizations involved in making a product/service available for customer use or consumption.

Vertical Marketing System (VMS)

A channel structure where producers, wholesalers, and retailers act as a unified system (Corporate, Contractual, or Administered).

Multichannel Distribution

Using two or more distinct channels to reach target customer segments.

Logistics

Planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of goods and services from point of origin to point of consumption.

Transportation & Distribution Centers

Moving goods across transportation modes (truck, rail, air, water) and utilizing specialized facilities designed to receive, store, and redistribute goods efficiently.

Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)

Coordinating all communication channels to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about the organization and its products.

Promotional Plans & Budgeting

Creating communication strategies using budgeting methods such as Percentage-of-sales, Competitive-parity, or Objective-and-task methods.

Personal Selling

Personal interactions by the firm's sales force to make sales and build customer relationships.

Customer Service & Sales Roles

Supporting long-term retention via Order Takers, Order Getters, and Sales Support roles.

Advertising & Media

Paid forms of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor across broadcast, print, online, or outdoor channels.

Sales Promotion

Short-term incentives encouraging the trial or immediate purchase of a product or service.

Publicity

Non-paid communication regarding an organization or product through news coverage.

Paid Media

Channels the brand pays to leverage (e.g., display ads, sponsored posts).

Owned Media

Channels controlled directly by the brand (e.g., website, company blog).

Earned Media

Word-of-mouth or PR exposure generated without direct payment (e.g., customer reviews, news features).

Social Media Usage

Interactive digital platforms leveraged for consumer engagement, relationship building, and brand awareness.

Pricing Objectives

Overarching goals directing price setting (Profit-oriented, Sales-oriented, Status Quo).

Pricing Policies

Organizational rules governing price flexibility, lifecycle strategies (skimming vs. penetration), and discount structures.

Price-Setting Strategies

Frameworks used to determine final market prices, including Cost-Based (Markup, Average-Cost), Demand-Based (Psychological, Prestige, Leader, Bait), and Value-Based strategies.

Micro vs. Macro Marketing

Micro-marketing measures individual firm performance; Macro-marketing evaluates how effectively the societal marketing system meets human needs.

Legal & Ethical Considerations

Adhering to government regulations while maintaining moral standards of honesty, fairness, and transparency beyond legal requirements.