Plasma membrane

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22 Terms

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Plasma membrane

A biological membrane that separates and protects the cell's internal environment from the external environment.

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Phospholipid bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the cell membrane, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

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Amphipathic

A molecule that has both a hydrophilic (water-loving) and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) part.

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Integral protein

A protein that is embedded in the lipid bilayer, often spanning the membrane and involved in transport.

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Peripheral protein

A protein that is attached to the outer or inner surface of the lipid bilayer and not embedded.

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Channel protein

A type of integral protein that forms a passageway for specific molecules to cross the membrane.

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Hormone receptor

A protein that binds with specific hormones to trigger a response in the cell.

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Glycoprotein

A molecule consisting of a protein and a carbohydrate; involved in cell recognition and signaling.

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Immobilized enzyme

An enzyme that is fixed in position in a membrane and available for substrate interaction.

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Protein pump

A type of integral protein that uses ATP to transport ions or molecules against their concentration gradient.

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Cell adhesion protein

A protein that helps cells stick to one another to form tissues.

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Fluid mosaic model

A model that describes the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of various proteins that float in or on the fluid lipid bilayer.

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Passive transport

The movement of molecules across the membrane without the use of energy.

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Active transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy, typically against a concentration gradient.

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Simple diffusion

The process by which small or nonpolar molecules pass through the plasma membrane without assistance.

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Facilitated diffusion

The process of transporting molecules across a membrane via proteins, without the use of energy.

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Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

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Hypotonic

A solution with a lower solute concentration compared to another solution.

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Isotonic

A solution with equal solute concentration compared to another solution.

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Hypertonic

A solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

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Selectively permeable membrane

A membrane that allows certain substances to pass while restricting others.

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Solvability differences

Variations in the ability of different substances to dissolve in a solvent, which affects their movement in biological systems.