Apologia Biology Mod 3

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46 Terms

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Ecology

The study of interactions between living and nonliving things

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Population

A group of interbreeding organisms coexisting together

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Community

A group of populations living and interacting in the same area

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Ecosystem

An association of living organisms and their physical environment

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Biome

A group of ecosystems classified by climate and plant life

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Biosphere

The sum of all of Earth's ecosystems in land. water, or air

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Species

A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units.

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Biotic factors

Any living part of an environment

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Abiotic factors

The nonliving physical and chemical conditions affecting organism

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Producers

Organisms that produce their own food

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Consumers

Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food

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Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead remains of other organisms

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Primary consumer

An organism that eats producers

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Secondary consumer

An organism that eats primary consumers

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Tertiary consumer

An organism that eats secondary consumers

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Quaternary consumer

An organism that eats tertiary consumers

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Food chain

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

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Food web

Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

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Biomass

A measure of the total amount of living tissue of organisms within a tropic level in an ecosystem

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Primary productivity

Rate at which producers in an ecosystem build biomass

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Ecological pyramids

Pyramid-shaped diagrams that show the amount of energy or matter at each trophic level in an ecosystem

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Transpiration

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

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Greenhouse effect

The process by which certain gases (principally water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane) trap heat that would otherwise escape earth and radiate into space

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Symbiosis

A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits

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Habitat

The specific environment of an organism, both biotic and abiotic

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Niche

An organism's role in its ecosystem, including its habitat, physical requirements (such as light, water, food sources), the time of day its is active, its place on the food chain, and when and how is reproduces.

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2 types of Competition

intraspecific, Interspecific

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intraspecific competition

competition between members of the same species

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Interspecific

competition between members of different species

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Mutualism

A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association

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Commensalism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited

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Parasitism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

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Three characteristics to studying populations

Geographic distribution, Population density, and growth rate

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Geographic distribution

The boundaries of the area in which a population lives

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Population density

The number of individuals of a particular species in a given area

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Growth rate

Three factors - The number of births in a population, number of deaths in a population, and the number of individuals that enter or leave a population

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Exponential growth

Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population

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Logistic growth

Population growth that is controlled by limited resources or the presence of predators or both

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4 ways Oxygen is removed from air

Fire, Respiration, rusting, and ozone formation

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3 ways oxygen is restored to air

Photosynthese, Ozone destruction, water vapor destruction.

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What is the largest user of Photosynthesis

Phytoplankton

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How is nitrogen fixation done

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

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How does Carbon Dioxide leave the air

Photosynthesis and dissolving

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How does Nitrogen return to the air

Denitrifying Bacteria through process of Denitrification

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Phosphorous

mineral found in rocks

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Phosphorous released

Weathering, erosion