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Ecology
The study of interactions between living and nonliving things
Population
A group of interbreeding organisms coexisting together
Community
A group of populations living and interacting in the same area
Ecosystem
An association of living organisms and their physical environment
Biome
A group of ecosystems classified by climate and plant life
Biosphere
The sum of all of Earth's ecosystems in land. water, or air
Species
A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units.
Biotic factors
Any living part of an environment
Abiotic factors
The nonliving physical and chemical conditions affecting organism
Producers
Organisms that produce their own food
Consumers
Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food
Decomposers
Organisms that break down dead remains of other organisms
Primary consumer
An organism that eats producers
Secondary consumer
An organism that eats primary consumers
Tertiary consumer
An organism that eats secondary consumers
Quaternary consumer
An organism that eats tertiary consumers
Food chain
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Food web
Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together
Biomass
A measure of the total amount of living tissue of organisms within a tropic level in an ecosystem
Primary productivity
Rate at which producers in an ecosystem build biomass
Ecological pyramids
Pyramid-shaped diagrams that show the amount of energy or matter at each trophic level in an ecosystem
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
Greenhouse effect
The process by which certain gases (principally water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane) trap heat that would otherwise escape earth and radiate into space
Symbiosis
A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits
Habitat
The specific environment of an organism, both biotic and abiotic
Niche
An organism's role in its ecosystem, including its habitat, physical requirements (such as light, water, food sources), the time of day its is active, its place on the food chain, and when and how is reproduces.
2 types of Competition
intraspecific, Interspecific
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
Interspecific
competition between members of different species
Mutualism
A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association
Commensalism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited
Parasitism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
Three characteristics to studying populations
Geographic distribution, Population density, and growth rate
Geographic distribution
The boundaries of the area in which a population lives
Population density
The number of individuals of a particular species in a given area
Growth rate
Three factors - The number of births in a population, number of deaths in a population, and the number of individuals that enter or leave a population
Exponential growth
Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population
Logistic growth
Population growth that is controlled by limited resources or the presence of predators or both
4 ways Oxygen is removed from air
Fire, Respiration, rusting, and ozone formation
3 ways oxygen is restored to air
Photosynthese, Ozone destruction, water vapor destruction.
What is the largest user of Photosynthesis
Phytoplankton
How is nitrogen fixation done
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
How does Carbon Dioxide leave the air
Photosynthesis and dissolving
How does Nitrogen return to the air
Denitrifying Bacteria through process of Denitrification
Phosphorous
mineral found in rocks
Phosphorous released
Weathering, erosion