ch 14 quiz mathis

Manchuria

Japan seized it and League of Nations condemned this aggression.

Second Sino-Japanese War

Started when Japanese armies overran much of Eastern China. Western protests didn’t stop Japan

Mussolini

Continued his invasion in Ethiopia and beat them. Conquered Ethiopia

Haile Selassie

Ethiopian king who appealed to the League of Nations for help after Mussolini’s invasion. Sanctions were to be placed, but the LON didn’t have the power to do so.

appeasement

giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace.

reason for appeasement

france demoralized due to political divisions, british had no desire to confront Germans

pacifism

opposition to all war and disgust with the destruction from previous war

Neutrality Acts

Congress passed these to forbid teh sale of arms to any warring nation, outlawed loans to warring nations, prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of warring powers. Was to avoid involvement in a European war

Axis powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan. Agreed to fight soviet communism. agreed to not interfere in one another’s plans for territorial expansion. cleared the way for anti-democratic aggressor powers to take bolder steps

Francisco Franco

italian that launched a bloody civil war . nationalists rallied to back him. anti-fascists and soviets against him. rolled back earlier reforms, killed or jailed enemies, used terror to promote order

Guernica bombing

German planes dropped bombs on Guernica, small Spanish market town and gunned down civilians. Test of Nazi weaponry, seen as grim warning of destructive power of modern warfare.

Third Reich

Hitler tried to bring al German speaking people into the Third Reich and believed in superiority of the “Aryan race”

Anschluss

union of Austria and Germany. forced Austrian chacnellor to appoint Nazi’s to cabinet posts. Germany army sent to “preserve order”. violated Treaty of Versailles and created brief war

Sudetenland

region of western Czechoslovakia. hitler insisted they get autonomy. Eventually hitler takes it anyway.

Munich Conference

British and French leaders chose appeasement ( caved into Hitler’s demands)

Nazi-Soviet Pact

bound Hitler and Stalin to peaceful relations. secretly agreed not to fight if the other went to war and divide up poland and other parts of eastern europe.

Start of WW2

September 1, 1939

blitzkrieg

lightning war. utilized improved tanks and airplanes to strike devastating blows

Luftwaffe

German air force. Bombed airfields, factories, civilians.

The Miracle of Dunkirk

saved several British forces taht were trapped between Nazi army and English channel.

Vichy

capital of the puppet state that the Germans's set up in France

Operation Sea Lion

the invasion of Britain by Hitler. massive air strikes launched, daily bombing on London

General Erwin Rommel

called desert fox. one of hitler’s most brilliant commanders, pushed British back across the desert

Operation Barbarossa

German plan to invade Soviet Union, frederick barbarossa. hitler wanted to crush stalin and communism

General Winter

temperatures plunged and German soldiers froze to death.

hitler’s new order

grew out of his racial obsessions. set up puppet governments in Western European countries that were peopled by Aryans, or light skinned europeans

Nazi actions in new order

sent thousands of Jews to concentration camps, pursued a vicious program to kill all people he judged “racially inferior“(Jews)

concentration camps

detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state

treatment of Jews

placed in ghettos and abused… undesirables were shipped to death camps in Poland to kill millions.

Holocaust

Hitler rounded up Jews and killed Jews by herding them into shower rooms and gassing them. he also did perverse medical experiments on them and had massacred some 6 million Jews

Warsaw Jews

Polish jews from the warsaw ghetto fought back against Nazi forces with guns and homemade bombs but nazi’s regained control and they were all killed

foreigns on jews

shipped thousands of jewish people to their deaths. immigration policies prevented jews from seeking refuge. denmark and bulgaria saved jews, and some hid jews in their villages

Japan’s brutal conquest

japanese took control across asia. mission was to help asians escape western colonial rule. real goal was japanese empire in asia. brutally treated chinese, filipinos, malaysians, and other asian people. seized food, destroyed cities, made people slaves.

Lend-Lease Act

congress persuaded to pass by FDR. allowed him to sell or lend war materials to any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the US. supplied arms to those fighting for freedom

Atlantic Charter

roosevelt met with churchill on a ship in the Atlantic and issued . final destruction of Nazi tyranny ( goals for war) ;supported right of people to choose their government; general security

Japanese optimistic conquering during WW2

As European nations fell in WW2, japan took control of their colonies in Asia. stole resources from french indochina, dutch east indies for oil, rubber, tin to help war agenda against China

US vs. Japan pt 1

US banned sale of war materials like iron , steel, oil to japan to prevent aggression. japanese took this badly. held talks to ease tension, but japanese wanted to expand empire

General Tojo Hideki

Japanese militarist who wanted to expand Japan’s empire and US interfered with his plans

pearl harbor

Hideki ordered an attack on Pearl Harbor. 2400 dead, destroyed battleships, destroyed aircraft, FDR asked congress to declare war on Japan and germany and italy declared war on US

Japanese expansion before end of WW2

Before their eventual loss at the end of WW2 to US, gained territories in the pacific like phillipines, hong kong, burma, malaya, dutch east indies, french indochina, etc. huge empire.