Aztec and Spanish

Why was the worldview of the Aztecs limited

because they lived

a fairly isolated life based solely on their religious beliefs

What was the way to wealth in the Aztec’s eyes

Conquering nations

What was the Aztecs lifestyle at first

Semi Nomadic (a lifestyle where people migrate often)

Where did they settle down

Lake Texcoco

What was Huitzilopochtil the god of

War

Who was the Aztecs patron god

Huitzilopochtil

Why did they move all the time

Because Huitzilopochtil gave them a sign if they gave up their crops in the process

Where’d the Aztecs build their city

In the middle of Lake texcoco

What’d the Aztecs build to get to and from from the land

Causeways

Who did they fight with

Many of their neighbours: Texcocans, Huejotzingo, and Zaachila

Who did they create alliances with

Stronger city-states in the area

What did the Aztecs develop their culture around

War

Why did the Aztec sacrifice people

Because they thought that the god Huitzilopochtli needed human blood to nourish him and feeding him would prevent the end of the world.

How did the Aztecs react to the sudden change of society

They started being disloyal to the Aztecs

What was the main goal of the Aztecs

To create loyal citizens

What was the education system used for (Aztecs)

to teach the children about traditions including songs, poems and dances. This was to pass on traditions

What system did the Aztecs have

A hierarchical system

Nobility (Aztecs)

pipiltin were the upper class and were the ones that ruled. Top ranking positions in the priesthood were pipiltin.

Warriors (Aztecs)

make decisions about petty crimes

Commoner (Aztecs)

these were the middle class and could improve their status by becoming members of the military, priests, merchants, artisans or long distance traders

Peasants (Aztecs)

worked the land for the nobles. They were given some

land they could work for produce and hand down to their children.

Slaves (Aztecs)

no one was born into this. A person that could not pay a debt could become a slave until their debt was paid. A slave could buy back their freedom.

What did arranged marriages form

Common alliances

What did the Aztecs want other meso-Americans to believe

they were the descendants of Toltec.

Why did Moctezuma allow Cortes to the city

Because he thought he was the god Huitzilopochtli and made sure to treat him with respdct

What was the worldview of the Spanish

Similar to the Aztecs, which is that conquering others resulted in a stronger nation

How long did Muslim rule the Spanish

For over 700 years

Who was allowed to practice their own beliefs in Europe

Muslim, Jews, Christians

What did Spanish Conquistadors fight for

Christianity and spreading the word of god

What religion did Isabella and Ferdinand follow and try to unite the country by

Christianity

Age of exploration

Spanish trying to branch out explorations

Where did Christopher Columbus go and why

West to claim land for Spain

What happened once Christopher Columbus claimed land in the West

The riches of the land became the property of Spain, and missionaries were sent to teach Christianity to the people of the new lands

Ethnocentrism

the tendency to view the world, especially other cultures, through the lens of one's own culture, often leading to the belief that one's own culture is superior

What did the ethnocentrism of the Spanish cause

the Spanish had no hesitation to impose their worldviews onto the people they encountered and overtook.

What was Cortes looking for in Mexico

Gold and riches

What was the aim of the Conquistadors

To take over land as peaceful as possible

What happened when the Spanish threw Moctezuma into the crowd

They were pushed back into the temple

How did the Spanish escape

They built temporary wooden bridges

Why did the Spanish drown on their way back home

Because their boats were laid down by gold

What was the night called that the Spanish tried to escape Tenochtitlan

Noche Triste (English: Sorrowful night)

How did the Spanish take over the Aztecs (after they recovered)

They allied with other Meso-Americans (the enemies of the Aztecs)

What did the Spanish destroy while taking over the Aztecs

Temples and religious systems

What killed most of the Aztecs

Disease

What happened to the remaining Aztecs who didn’t die of disease

They were converted to Catholicism by priests

Chinampas

Floating gardens that the Aztecs made to farm

What was the construction and design of the Aztec temples

pyramid-shaped structures with flat tops, often built with multiple levels and steep staircases leading to shrines on top

Spanish Inquisition

period of religious persecution

When was the Spanish inquisition established

1478

Reconquista

a centuries-long series of battles by Christian states to expel the Muslims (Moors), who from the 8th century ruled most of the Iberian Peninsula

Encomienda

a Spanish colonial system where conquistadors and other settlers were granted the right to extract tribute and labor from indigenous populations in conquered territories. In exchange, they were theoretically responsible for the well-being and conversion to Christianity of the indigenous people under their care. However, the system often resulted in harsh treatment and exploitation of the indigenous population

who was Malinche

Malinche was an interpreter

The Franciscan Monks

members of a Roman Catholic religious order

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