Music - Quiz #1 - Chapters 1-12

Beat

regular pulsation

Accent

beats that are stronger

Rhythm

length or duration of individual notes

Meter

grouping or organizing into sets

Measure

in notion, a unit of a fixed number of beats

Downbeats

1st beat of a measure

Syncopation

deliberate disruption of pattern

Polyrhythm

simultaneous use of many different rhythmic patterns

Nonmetric

music without a strong sense of beat

Melody

one note at a time - ups and downs

Musical Alphabet

A - G

Musical Staff

Five lines, Four spaces

Characteristics of Melody: Shape

Ascending, Descending, Arch, Wave

Treble Clef Notes

E, G, B, D, F /// F, A, C, E

Bass Clef Notes

G, B, D, F, A /// A, C, E, G

Range

from the lowest to the highest notes

Conjunct Movement

Smooth, Connected melody that moves mostly by small intervals

Disjunct Movement

disconnected melody with many leaps

Phrase

unit of meaning within a larger structure

Cadence

resting place in a musical phrase

Harmony

2 or more notes stacked together

Chord

2 or more notes sounding together

Scale

a collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order

Triad

three-note chord

Tonic or Keynote

first note of scale

Major Tonality

sounds bright and happy

Minor Tonality

sounds subdued and sad

Chromatic Harmony

All notes, black & white keys

Enharmonic

Same pitch, same key, two different names

Sharps go…

up a half step

Flats go…

down a half step

Consonance

chords/intervals that sound pleasing or “at rest”

Dissonance

Intervals, chords or other pitch combinations that sound unpleasant or bad

Drone

single, sustained tone

Repetition & Contrast

unity and variety in music

Theme

a melodic idea used as a building block in music

Thematic Development

elaborating, changing modifying or varying the theme

Sequence

repeating a melody at a higher or lower pitch level

Motive

the smallest fragment of a theme that is still a melody

Call & Response

features a soloist, then a group response

Ostinato

a repeating pattern of sounds, repetition of a musical pattern

Movement

section of a larger work

Tempo

the rate of speed of the music

Tempo Markings

Italian terms to describe tempo

Allegro

Fast

Adagio

slow

Fortissimo

very loud

Forte

loud

Crescendo

getting louder

Decrescendo

getting softer

Musical Timbre

tone color, quality of your voice

String

sounds are created by manipulating tightened strings

String Instruments

Violin, Viola, Cello, String base, Harp

Brass Instruments

French Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba

Woodwind Instruments

Clarinet, Flute, Oboe, Piccolo, Saxophone

Percussion Instruments

Chimes, Bells, Cymbals

Choral Groups

Choir or A cappella

Sacred

music for religious functions

Secular

music for entertainment

Chamber music

Quartet, Duet, Quintet