Social & Personality Development in Early Childhood

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to social and personality development in early childhood, including psychosocial development, emotional regulation, and the impact of parenting styles.

Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt

A stage of psychosocial development for children aged 3-6; characterized by the desire to act independently (initiative) and feelings of guilt when they fail.

Self Understanding

The representation of the self in the social world, including self-recognition and positive self-concept.

Emotional Development

The progression in a child's ability to understand and talk about emotions, including self-conscious emotions and emotion regulation.

Emotional Self-Regulation

The ability of preschool children to control their emotions, talk about feelings, and employ strategies to regulate their emotional responses.

Emotion Coaching

A parenting approach where parents monitor their children's emotions, see negative emotions as teaching opportunities, and assist children in labeling and managing their emotions.

Self-Concept

A set of beliefs about oneself; children's self-concepts may be overinflated and are influenced by cultural orientations.

Developing Racial & Ethnic Awareness

The process in which children start to recognize differences in skin color and begin to form racial and ethnic identities around ages 3-4.

Race Dissonance

The phenomenon where minority children prefer majority values or people, influenced by the dominant culture, without disparaging their own racial characteristics.

Gender Identity

A personal conception of oneself as male, female, a blend of both, or neither, often established by age 2.

Social Theories of Gender

Theoretical frameworks explaining gender development through psychoanalytic theory, social cognitive theory, and social role theory.

Gender Expectations

Preschool-aged children's beliefs about expected behaviors associated with being male or female.

Play Categories

Different types of play observed in children, including functional play, constructive play, and various forms of social play.

Baumrind's Parenting Styles

Four parenting styles identified by Baumrind: Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, and Uninvolved, each affecting children's behavior and development.

Cycle-of-Violence Hypothesis

The theory suggesting that abused children may become abusive adults due to their early experiences of trauma.

Kinds of Aggression

Types of aggressiveness in preschool-aged children, including instrumental aggression (goal-oriented) and relational aggression (emotionally harmful).

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

A theory that outlines three levels of moral reasoning: Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional, each with different stages.