Head and Neck Anatomy Test 1 Ch 3 pt 1 overview

Bony Prominences

A general term for any prominence on a bony surface is a process.

Condyle

an oval prominence usually involved in joints. Large convex rounded at the end of a bone.

Tuberosity

A large, often rough prominence on a bony surface that serves as an attachment for muscles or tendons.

Arch

prominence shaped on a bony surface like a bridge with a bowlike outline.

Cornu

is a small hornlike prominence on a bony surface.

Tubercle/Eminence

is a small, rounded elevation on a bony surface.

Crest

a prominent, often roughened border or ridge on a bony surface. (Thin and wedge shaped)

Spine

An abrupt small prominence on a bony surface that may be a blunt or sharply pointed projection

Groove

A furrow on a bony surface.

Sinus

A cavity within a bone.

Incisura/Notch

An indentation at the edge of a bone.

Sulcus/Sulci

A shallow depression or groove on a bony surface that usually marks the course of blood vessels or nerves.

Fossa/Fossae

A generally deeper depression or concavity on a bony surface. Can be parts of joints, be attachment sites for muscles, or have other functions.

Plate

A flat bony structure of a bone. not a prominence or depression

Foramen/Foramina

A short and small windowlike opening(s) in a bone.

Canal

A longer, narrow tubelike opening in a bone.

Meatus

A type of canal in a bone.

Fissure

A narrow cleflike uneven opening in a bone.

Articulation

An area of the skeleton where the bones are joined to each other. (junction)

Joint

A site of a junction or union between two or more bones.

Suture

The union of bones joined by fibrous tissue that appears on the dry skull as a jagged line. (immoveable)

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

A type of imaging technique that provides detailed 3D images of the head and neck bones.

Skull Bones

The bones of the braincase, divided into the cranium (contains the brain) and the face (inner support by facial bones), totaling 22 bones excluding auditory ossicles.

Coronal Suture

The suture extending across the skull between the frontal bone and each parietal bone.

Sagittal Suture

A single suture extending from the anterior to posterior of the skull at the midline between the parietal bones.

Lambdoidal Suture

A single suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bone, representing an immovable articulation.

Orbit

A feature of the anterior skull containing and protecting the eyeballs, formed by certain skull bones like frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, and zygomatic bones.

Optic Canal

The round opening in the orbital apex lying between the two roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

Superior Orbital Fissure

A curved slit-like opening located between the greater wing and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, allowing passage for several cranial nerves and veins.

Inferior Orbital Fissure

An opening between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla, allowing passage for the inferior ophthalmic vein to join the pterygoid plexus of veins.

Orbital Rim

The sharp edge of the orbital opening, forming the peripheral border of the pyramid-shaped orbit.

Zygomaticomaxillary Suture

A depression in the midpoint of the infraorbital rim formed by the zygomatic bone with its maxillary process and the maxilla with its zygomatic process.

Nasal Cavity

The cavity on the skull's anterior aspect with lateral walls and a floor, mainly composed of bone and cartilage.

Nasion

A cephalometric midpoint landmark located at the junction of the frontal and nasal bones.

Piriform Aperture

The large triangular anterior opening of the nasal cavity. (large and triangular)

Nasal Conchae

Three projecting structures on each lateral wall of the nasal cavity extending inward, forming the superior, middle, and inferior ____________________

Turbinates

The lateral boundaries of the nasal cavity formed by the maxillae.

Nasal Meatus

A channel protected by each nasal concha, allowing communication between paranasal sinuses or nasolacrimal duct with the nasal cavity.

Nasal Septum

The vertical partition dividing the nasal cavity into two parts, formed by bone and cartilage.

Deviated Septum

A condition where the thin wall forming the nasal septum is displaced to one side, separating the right and left nasal cavities.

Temporal Fossa

Space on the lateral skull containing the temporalis muscle

Infratemporal Fossa

Area below the temporal fossa on the lateral skull

Pterygopalatine Fossa

Deeper area under the infratemporal fossa on the lateral skull

Zygomatic Arch

Cheekbone formed by the union of temporal and zygomatic bones

Temporozygomatic Suture

Suture between temporal and zygomatic bones in the skull

Masseter Muscle

Muscle originating from the zygomatic arch

TMJ

Movable joint between temporal bone and mandible

Hard Palate

Anterior part of the skull's inferior aspect, formed by maxillary bones

Palatal Torus

Midline variation on the hard palate

Pterygoid Process

Part of the sphenoid bone forming lateral borders of nasal apertures

Pterygoid Fossa

Depression between medial and lateral plates of pterygoid process

Hamulus

Thin curved process at the inferior part of the medial plate of pterygoid process

Foramen Ovale

Oval opening on sphenoid bone for mandibular nerve

Foramen Spinosum

Opening for middle meningeal artery on sphenoid bone

Foramen Lacerum

Irregularly shaped opening on the external skull surface

Carotid Canal

Round opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone

Styloid Process

Pointed bony projection posterior to the carotid canal

Stylomastoid Foramen

Opening for facial nerve exit from the skull

Jugular Foramen

Opening for internal jugular vein and cranial nerves passage

Foramen Magnum

Largest opening on occipital bone for spinal cord passage

Cribriform Plate

Perforated plate with foramina for olfactory nerve

Paranasal Sinuses

Air-filled cavities in bones including frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses

epicondyl

small prominence that is located superior to or upon a condyle.

occipital condyle

projections of occipital bone that articulate with lateral masses of first cervical vertebra.

maxillary tuberosity

Connects our medial pterygoid muscle.

head of bone

rounded surfaces projected by a neck on bone

greater cornu of hyoid bone

lesser Cornu

ridge

raised margin- internal oblique ridge

ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones

What bones makeup the cranium?

inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal bones, mandible, maxilla, vomer, zygomatic bones

what bones make up the facial bones?

22

how many bones does the skull have?

parietal and temporal

What cranial bones are paired?

inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal bones, maxillae, zygomatic

what facial bones are paired?

the mandible with the TMJ

all skull bones are immovable except?

cervical region

where is the moveable articulation with the vertebral column?

frontal and parietal bones

what bones does the coronal suture attach?

frontonasal suture

Suture between the nasal and frontal bones

intermaxillary suture

the suture between the two maxillae of the upper jawbone

median palatine suture

the union between the palatine bones

squamosal sutures

Between parietal and temporal bones

Temporozygomatic sutures (paired)

temporal bones and zygomatic bones

transverse palatine suture

maxillae and palatine bones

Zygomaticomaxillary suture

Connects the zygomatic to the maxilla

frontal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone

what cranial bones can you see from the superior view?

coronal suture, sagittal suture, and the lambdoidal suture

what sutures can you see from the superior view?

1. Nasal bone

2. Lacrimal bone

3. Zygomatic bone

4. Inferior nasal concha

5. Vomer

6. Maxilla

7. Mandible

what facial bones can you see from the anterior view?

frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, and zygomatic bones.

what bones form the orbit?

frontal bone

what bone forms the roof or superior wall of the orbit?

ethmoid and lacrimal bones

what bone forms the medial wall of the orbit?

zygomatic and sphenoid bones

what bone forms the lateral wall of the orbit?

sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bones

what bone forms the apex or base of the orbit?

orbital apex

deepest part of orbit

orbital canal

round opening in the orbital apex

superior orbital fissure

Lateral to the optic canal is the curved and slit like _________

inferior orbital fissure

fissure in the orbit floor between maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid

orbital rim

supraorbital rim

infraorbital rim

- the occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal bones, as well as the sphenoid bone and ethmoid bone.

what cranial bones can you see from the lateral view?