Muscles acting on foot

tibialis anterior origin

Lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane

tibialis anterior insertion

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of metatarsal I

tibialis anterior innervation

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

tibialis anterior action

Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint;

inversion of foot;

dynamic support of medial arch of foot

gastrocnemius origin

Medial head—posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle;

lateral head—upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

gastrocnemius insertion

Via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus

gastrocnemius innervation

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

gastrocnemius action

Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

soleus origin

Soleal line and medial border of tibia;

posterior aspect of fibular head and adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft;

tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments

soleus insertion

Via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus

soleus innervation

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

soleus action

Plantarflexes the foot

fibularis longus origin

Upper lateral surface of fibula,

head of fibula, and

occasionally the lateral tibial condyle

fibularis longus insertion

Undersurface of lateral sides of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I

fibularis longus innervation

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

fibularis longus action

Eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports mainly lateral and transverse arches of foot

tibialis posterior origin

Posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula

tibialis posterior insertion

Mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform

tibialis posterior innervation

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

tibialis posterior action

Inversion and plantarflexion of foot;

support of medial arch of foot during walking

flexor hallucis longus origin

Posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane

flexor hallucis longus insertion

Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

flexor hallucis longus innervation

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

flexor hallucis longus action

flexes great toe

flexor digitorum longus origin

Medial side of posterior surface of the tibia

flexor digitorum longus insertion

Plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

flexor digitorum longus innervation

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

flexor digitorum longus action

Flexes lateral four toes

extensor digitorum longus origin

Proximal one-half of medial surface of fibula and related surface of lateral tibial condyle

extensor digitorum longus insertion

Via dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes

extensor digitorum longus innervation

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

extensor digitorum longus action

Extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot