TEAS A&P Urinary System

Urinary System

make urine and removes it from the body, regulating blood volume, electrolyte balance, and pH.

Kidney

The kidney is a pair of bean-shaped organs that filter blood to produce urine, regulate electrolytes, blood pressure, and maintain acid-base balance.

Nephron

the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and excreting waste products as urine.

Reabsorption

is the process by which the nephron selectively reclaims water, electrolytes, and nutrients from the filtrate back into the bloodstream, ensuring essential substances are not lost in urine.

Secretion

is the process by which the nephron removes additional waste products and excess ions from the bloodstream into the filtrate, contributing to urine formation.

Passive Transport

is the movement of substances across cell membranes without the use of energy, typically along a concentration gradient.

Active Transport

is the movement of substances against their concentration gradient across cell membranes, requiring energy in the form of ATP to transport molecules into or out of the cell.

Ureters

are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage before excretion.

Urinary Bladder

is a muscular sac that stores urine produced by the kidneys until it is excreted from the body.

Urethra

duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder,

Structure of the kidney

Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis

Nephron

the functional unit of the kidney

Bowmans Capsule

site of blood filtration

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

reabsorbs water, ions and nutrients while secreting hydrogen and ammonium

Descending loop of Henle

concentrates urine; contains aquaporins facilatating easy diffusion of water

Ascending Loop of Henle

concentrates urine; no aquaporins but reabsorbs salt

Distal Convoluted Tube

refines urine by reabsorbing salt, water, and bicarb but secretes hydrogen potassium and ammonium

Collecting Duct

refines urine from filtrate to urine

Blood supply path of kidney

Renal artery→ Afferent arteriole →Glomerulus→Efferent arteriole →Peritubular capillaries →Renal vein

Renin

secreted by kidney to regulate blood pressure

Aldosterone

Increases sodium and water reabsorption raising blood pressure

Antidiurectic Hormone (ADH)

Increase water retention concentrating urine

Erythropoetien

stimulate red blood cell production

Path of urine

Nephron→Calyx→Renal Pelvis→Ureter→Bladder→Urethra

Urinary System Pneumonic device

Kids Usually Urinate Beautifully

Nephron Pneumonic Device

Go Bowman, Pass Lightly Down Collecting