ORAL PHYSIOLOGY-FINALS

during hinging movement. The collateral ligaments allow the articular disc to slide anterior or posterior on the articular surface of the mandibular condyle. This movement mostly occurs in the lower joint compartment

both statement are true

during translational movement the mandible moves forward and backward. This movement involves the superior surface of the articular disc and the inferior surface of the articular fossa

both statements are true

The following is true regarding the ligaments, except

perfectly elastic

maximum mouth opening only involves rotational movement of the mandible. The normal range of measurement of this opening is 40-60mm

first statement is false, the second statement is true

The frontal border movement has a diamond shape configuration. The left and right lateral superior border movement of the frontal border movement is mainly influenced by the morphology and inter-arch relationship of the teeth.

the first statement is false, The second statement is true

Which of these is/are factors that influence the superior contact border movement of the sagittal plane border movement ?

1. steepness of the posterior teeth cuspal inclines

2. lingual form of the maxillary anterior teeth

3. anterior overjet and overbite

4. buccal surface of the posterior teeth

only 1,2 and 3 are correct

the frontal (vertical) border has the following border movements, EXCEPT?

functional movements

this ligament limits the anterior open border movement of the sagittal plane border movement

stylomandibular ligament

horizontal plane border movement resembles a —— configuration?

diamond

sagittal plane border movement resembles a —— configuration?

dagger

this duct drains saliva from each bilateral submandibular glands to the sublingual caruncle at the base of the tongue

wharton’s duct

the largest major salivary gland which exits through the stensen’s duct

parotid gland

the secretion of sublingual gland

mixed secretions which are predominately mucous

the secretion of parotid gland

pure serous

½ of the volume of stimulated saliva is produced by what salivary gland

parotid gland

the secretion of submandibular gland

mixed gland but is primarily serous

2/3 of the volume of resting state saliva is produced by what salivary gland

submandibular gland

a minor salivary gland that is located adjacent to the moats surrounding the circumvallate and foliate papillae of the tongue

lingual glands of von ebner

the acetylcholine binds to this receptors which cause the activation of protein kinase C

muscarinic cholinergic receptors

sympathetic stimulation will increase —- receptor stimulation by norepinephrine which causes smooth muscle constriction which will decrease blood flow to the glands

alpha-adrenergic receptors

the noradrenaline binds to this receptors which causes synthesis of CAMP (cyclic adenosine monophospate)

alpha- adrenergic receptors

the following are factors that affect the masticatory-salivary reflex, EXCEPT?

none of the above

what gustatory stimulus evokes the greatest greatest salivary response

sour

muscle that depress the mandible and thus open the jaw include the following?

1. masseter

2. mylohyoid

3. lateral (external) pterygoid

4. medial (internal) pterygoid

only 2 and 3 are correct

is a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that senses changes in muscle tension. It lies at the origins and insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons of skeletal muscle

golgi tendon organ

the elevators or jaw-closer muscles are the following

1. mylohyoid

2. masseter

3. temporalis

4. medial (internal) pterygoid

2,3 and 4 are correct

which of the following muscle actions will result to the retraction/retrusion of the mandible?

contraction of the posterior fibers of the temporalis and digastric muscles

esophageal phase of deglutition is voluntary. true or false

false

the following muscles elevate the larynx, EXCEPT?

sternohyoid muscles

which of the following is/are not an intrinsic muscle/s of the tongue?

1. oblique

2. superior longitudinal

3. transverse or horizontal

4. inferior longitudinal

only 1

during swallowing, the auditory tube is opened by the —— muscle (assisted by the tensor and levator palatini) to equalize the pressure in the nasal part of the pharynx and middle ear

tensor veli palatini

oral phase of swallowing is voluntary. true or false

true

during swallowing, the auditory tube is opened by the —— muscle (assisted by the tensor and levator palatini) to equalize the pressure in the nasal part of the pharnyx and middle ear

salpingopharyngeus

this muscle elevates posterior tongue, closes the oropharyngeal isthmus, and aids initiation of swallowing.

palatoglossus

which of the following is/are true regarding expiration?

1. begins when inspiration ends

2. contraction of the pleural cavity will occur due to the relaxation of the diaphragm

3. will lead to exertion of pressure will lead to a decrease in the volume inside the lung and will push air out

only 2, 3 and 4 are correct

stuttering occurs when speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions, prolonging of sounds and hesitations or pausing before speech. true or false

true

which of the following is not an active articulator of speech?

tongue

the —- occurs when sound resonates in a cavity (oral, nasal or pharyngeal) but is “trapped” and cannot exit because of an obstruction.

cul-de-sac-reasonance

the —- means that too much sound comes through your nose. this happens when the softy palate doesn’t stop air from going through the nose.

hypernasal reasonance

articulator that does all or most of the moving during a speech gesture

active articulatorsa

a region of the brain concerned with the production of speech, located in the cortex of the dominant frontal lobe.

broca’s area

the —— is the sustained closure of the vocal cords resulting in the partial or complete loss of the patient’s airway

laryngospasm

the mechanism of cough reflex involves the following, EXCEPT ?

preparatory phase

an anecdotal treatment in treating laryngospasm that is performed by bilateral firm digital pressure on the styloid process behind the posterior ramus of the mandible

larson’s manoeuvre

a physical stimulus of gag reflex that makes direct contact with a trigger point. In relation to oral trigger points, this may be a large piece of food or a foreign object

somatogenic

this buffer system is active in unstimulated saliva

phosphate buffer system

are calcified structures found within the ducts of salivary glands

sialoliths

a condition wherein there is an inadequate production of saliva

sialorrhea

refers to a condition in which the salivary glands in the mouth don’t make enough saliva to keep your mouth wet

xerostomia

Is a protein film that forms on the surface enamel by selective binding of glycoproteins from saliva that prevents continuous deposition of salivary calcium phosphate.

dental pellicle

These are movements of the TMJ that occurs on the superior joint compartment, EXCEPT?

depression

During the right lateral border movement, the movement of the mandible is towards to the right. This will result the left condyle to be positioned anteriorly, medialy, and inferiorly.

both statements are true

The envelopment movement is limited by the following components, EXCEPT?

muscles of mastication

Frontal (vertical) border movement resembles a _______________configuration?

shield

The smallest, most diffused, and the only unencapsulated major salivary gland that provides only 3-5% of the total salivary volume

sublingual gland

One of the major salivary glands that are pair of elongated, flattened hooks which have two sets of arms; superficial and deep

submandibular gland

The smallest of the three major salivary glands, and the most deeply situated.

sublingual gland

The apex of this salivary gland extends beyond the angle of the mandible and the base is closely related to the external acoustic meatus.

parotid gland

The venous drainage of both submandibular and sublingual gland is the submental veins. The venous drainage of parotid gland is also submental veins

the first statement is true,2nd one is false

The noradrenaline binds to this receptors which cause synthesis of CAMP(cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

beta-adrenergic receptors

In this phase the output from the CPG to the jaw-closing muscles forces the teeth through the food bolus, producing the chewing strokes

food crushing phase

This muscle helps to pull the tongue upwards and backwards to aid swallowing.

styloglossus

This muscle helps to protrude the tongue, depress the central part of tongue making it concave, and move the tongue to the opposite side

genioglossus

Pharyngeal phase of deglutition is involuntary. true or false

true

The following are extrinsic muscles of the tongue, EXCEPT?

sternoglossus

Which of the following is/are not an intrinsic muscle/s of the tongue?

1. Oblique

2. Superior longitudinal

3. Transverse or horizontal

4. Inferior longitudinal

only 1

It is the process of letting the air out during the breathing cycle

expiration

Articulators that makes little or no movement during a speech gesture, Often directly connected to the skull

passive articulators

. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding expiration?

1. Begins when inspiration ends.

2. Contraction of the pleural cavity will occur due to the relaxation of the diaphragm.

3. Will lead to exertion of pressure in the lungs that will cause the pressure to become less negative.

4. Increase of pressure will lead to a decrease in the volume inside the lung and will push air out

all

Which of the following is NOT an active articulator of speech?

front teeth

During this phase of cough reflex mechanism, the glottis opens, resulting in high expiratory airflow and the coughing sound. Large airway compression occurs. The high flows dislodge mucus from the airways and allow removal from the tracheobronchial tree.

expulsive phase

The mechanism for the phosphate buffer system is due to the ability of the secondary phosphate ion, HPO42-, to bind a hydrogen ion and form a primary phosphate ion H2PO4-. This acid-base pair has a pKa value in the range 6.8-7.2 , which has a maximum buffering capacity that is relatively close to the salivary pH range: 6-8.

both are true

In the resting, closed-joint position, The condyle is positioned in contact with the articular disc wherein the anterior zone is at 12o'clock orientation. The superior retrodiscal lamina exerts minimal to none elastic traction on Articular disc

the first statement is false, 2nd one is true

Muscle tone is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state. It helps to maintain posture and declines during REM sleep

both statements are true

The horizontal plane border has the following border movement, EXCEPT?

functional movements

The sagittal plane border has the following border movement EXCEPT?

a. Functional movements

b. Anterior open border movement

c. Superior contact border movement

d. Posterior open border movement

e. None of the above

f. All of the above

none of the above

From the right lateral border movement, the movement of the mandible forward towards the midline is called continued right lateral border movement. During this movement both left and right inferior lateral pterygoid contracts.

both statements are true

Which of the following stimulates the increased intracellular calcium levels within the salivary glands

diacylglycerol

Which of the following muscle actions will result to the protrusion of the mandible?

bilateral contraction of the lateral (external) pterygoid and medial (internal) pterygoid

When a person is in an emergency situation, what neurotransmitters determines the flow rate and composition of his/ her saliva?

noradrenaline

This phase begins with the opening of the mouth, through activation of the jaw-opening muscles, in order to receive food.

preparatory phase

The following muscles depress the larynx, EXCEPT?

1. Sternohyoid muscles

2. Sternothyroid muscles

3. Omohyoid muscles

4. Stylohyoid muscles

stylohyoid muscles

Parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary gland will result to the following, EXCEPT?

decreased production of saliva by acinar cells

A phonetic that is pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled up towards the hard palate /r/?

retroflex

This muscle tenses the soft palate and by doing so, assists the levator veli palatini in closure of the nasopharynx during swallowing.

tensor veli palatini

The rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech — provides important information beyond a sentence's literal word meaning

prosody

The ___________ is a contraction of the back of the throat triggered by an object touching the roof of your mouth, the back of your tongue, the area around your tonsils, or the back of the throat. This reflex helps prevent choking, as well as helping to moderate the transition from liquid to solid foods during infancy

gag reflex

The result of modification of primary saliva in the striated duct.

hyponotic

This muscle helps to depress the tongue.

hyoglossus

This buffer system is not very effective due to its lack of many ionized groups

protein buffer system

At low resting flows, saliva moves slowly through the ducts and the striated epithelium cells are able to modify the composition of the saliva substantially by absorbing Na + and Cl −. However, at high stimulated flows the saliva passes rapidly through the ducts with much less alteration of electrolyte concentrations

both statements are true

In secondary pain, both the site of pain and source of pain are in the same location. true or false

false

In Neuroplasticity, the afferent nerve fiber cannot release neurotransmitter substance anymore in the synaptic junction. True or false

false

. In neuroplasticity the afferent nerve fiber contineously transmit pain impulses to the cortex, even if the original source of pain no longer exist. true or false

true

It is normal for the upper and lower teeth to undergo attrition of enamel by age. true or false

true

Physiologic attrition of teeth, results in decrease in the vertical dimension of the lower face. true or false

false

A cut in the nerve fiber, during dental surgical procedure can develop into a nerve sprouting in the form of neuroma, which is very sensitive to touch. true or false

true

In trigeminal neuralgia, there is episodic sharp stabbing pain in the neural division of a certain nerve, because of some form of irritation in the nerve fiber myelin sheath. true or false

true

In some cases of trigeminal neuralgia, there is an arterial loop indenting some part of the trigeminal nerve, that causes the sharp stabbing pain because of nerve irritation. true or false

true

In trigeminal neuralgia, the myelin sheath in some part of the trigeminal nerve is being damaged by the persons immune mechanism. true or false

true