Topic 9-European Global Exploration and Ming & Early Qing dynasties Islamic Empires after 1250 AD
Studied by 0 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/82
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
83 Terms
Q: Because of the spice and luxury trades in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea in 1500 A.D, the world’s most dynamic cultures were in?
Asia
Q: What was the global exchange of plants, animals, people, and diseases after Columbus's voyages called?
The Columbian Exchange
Q: What was a major impact of the Columbian Exchange on the indigenous peoples of the Americas and Oceania?
Disease brought by Europeans greatly reduced their populations.
Q: What was the deadliest disease for indigenous peoples during the Columbian Exchange?
Smallpox, which greatly reduced the populations in the Americas and Oceania.
Q: Food crops that went from Europe to the Americas included
Wheat and vines (for grapes).
Q: Animals that went from Europe to the Americas included?
horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and chickens
Q.Food crops and plants that went from the Americas to Europe, Africa and Asia included?
maize, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, peppers,(know two of these crops that went from the Americas to Europe, Africa and Asia during the Columbian Exchange.)
Q.The introduction of foods from the Western Hemisphere to the Eastern Hemisphere helped the Eastern Hemisphere dramatically recover from what?
Bubonic Plague
Q. Between 1500 and 1800, who made up the largest group of migrants to the Americas, and how were they transported?
Enslaved Africans who were transported involuntarily to the Americas.
Q. By 1750(don’t remember the date), who played the leading role in global networks of commercial relations that connected nearly all parts of the world?
European merchant mariners
Q. What was the first European country to begin global exploration?
Portugal
Q. How were most spices and luxury goods from Asia brought to Europe before Portuguese exploration to the East?
by Muslims via sea routes, as the old Silk Roads became too dangerous to travel after the collapse of the Mongol Empire.
Q.What was also important to the Portuguese?
the goal of expanding Christianity in these areas
Q. What was the second European country to undertake global exploration?
Spain
Q. What were the names of the joint-stock companies formed by the English and the Dutch, and what was their purpose?
The English formed the English East India Company, while the Dutch established the United East India Company (VOC).
Q. Which two countries benefited the most from private joint-stock companies during early global exploration?
England and the Netherlands
Q. How did Spain's conquest of the Philippines contribute to Manila becoming the hub of Spanish commercial activity in Asia?
By marking it as Spain’s only active Asian colony.
Q. The Netherlands was the most active European country involved in colonizing present-day Indonesia. For the Dutch, religious reasons played a significantly less important role in colonizing overseas than it did for the Portuguese and the Spanish,is this true?
Yes
Q. How did the Russian military advancement into Siberia affect the people of Siberia?
They suffered from epidemic diseases
Q. How did Russia's global expansion primarily occur, and what impact did it have on native Siberian peoples?
Mainly by land, (not by sea) moving eastward from European Russia to the Pacific Ocean, largely at the expense of native Siberian peoples.
Q. What did the Ming Dynasty restored to China after the collapse of the Mongol Dynasty in China-the Yuan Dynasty?
Native rule
Was the Ming Dynasty a highly centralized state?
Yes, the Ming Dynasty was a highly centralized state
What was the Ming Dynasty responsible for?
The last major reconstruction of the Great Wall
Q. What did the Ming Dynasty reintroduced and reestablished?
The study of Confucianism and the civil examinations that the Mongols had prevented in China.
Q. The Ming Dynasty was replaced by the Qing Dynasty?
Yes, The Ming Dynasty was replaced by the Qing Dynasty
Q. What was the last dynasty of China?
Qing Dynasty
Q. Where did the Manchus make their capital, like the Ming Dynasty?
at Beijing
Q. What did Qianlong reign marks?
The height of the Qing Dynasty
Q. Who continued the expansionist policies of Kangxi?
Qianlong
Q. Mandate from Heaven
Mandate from Heaven
Q. What did filial piety require?
obedience and respect of children for adults, particulary parnet and subjects to be loyal to the emperor.
Q. What was Chinese society like under the Ming and Qing dynasties?
Very patriarchal
Q. What were the key exports from China?
Silk, porcelain, lacquerware, and tea for consumers in the Indian Ocean basin, central Asia and Europe
Q. Were Chinese imports relatively few, and the most important form of compensation for their exports was silver bullion and other precious metals?
Yes, Chinese imports were relatively few and the most important form of compensation for their exports was silver bullion and other precious metals
Q. What were peasants?
The largest class in Chinese society and considered the most honorable of the three classes of commoners
Q. Where were Merchants ranked?
at the bottom of the Confucian social hierarchy
Q. The Confucianism that was supported by the Ming and Qing emperors was what?
Neo-Confucianism
Q. What did Neo-Confucianism combine with the moral, ethical, and political values of?
Confucius with Buddhism
Q. The Ottomans overthrew the empire with the capture of
Constantinople
Q. Ottomans required the Christian population of the Balkans to contribute young boys to become what?
slaves of the sultan
Q. Who were the Janissaries, and how much did they contribute to the Ottoman Empire?
They were soldiers and contributed greatly to the military effectiveness of the Ottoman Empire.
Q. The Ottomans made Constantinople their what?
Capital (name was changed to Istanbul)
Q. Who was Suleyman the Magnificent?
The greatest ruler of the Ottoman Empire
Q: Which of the three early modern Islamic empires was the shortest-lived?
The Safavid Empire
Q: Where was the Safavid Empire primarily located, and what type of empire was it?
In present-day Iran and was an Islamic empire
Q. Iran is the descendant of the Safavid Empire and is the largest Shiite Muslim nation in the world. Shia Muslims make up about 15% of the global Muslim population, while Sunnis comprise about 85%
Yes, Iran is the descendant of the Safavid Empire and is the largest Shiite Muslim nation in the world. Shia Muslims make up about 15% of the global Muslim population, while Sunnis comprise about 85%
Q. Where is the Islamic empire primarily located in?
Present-day India, Pakistan and Afghanistan
Q. Who was the real architect of the Mughal Empire.
Babur’s grandson, Akbar
Q. Did Akbar create a very centralized empire?
Yes, Akbar did create a very centralized empire
Q. Who pursued a policy of religious toleration in an endeavor to reduce tensions between Hindu and Muslim communities in India.
Akbar
Q. Who broke with Akbar’s policy of religious toleration?
Aurangzeb
Q. Aurangzeb
provoked deep hostility among Hindus, leading local leaders to organize movements to resist or even rebel against Mughal authority.
Q. What were the two products of the Columbian exchange that were well received in the Ottoman and Safavid empires?
Coffee and tobacco
Q. Which of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires was the least interested in global trade, and why?
The Mughal Empire as it had a huge domestic economy that was self-sufficient
Most Mughal subjects were Hindu
Yes, Most Mughal subjects were Hindu
Q. How did the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals handle diverse religious groups within their empires.
Generally tolerated diverse religious groups.
Which of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires contained the most religious diversity?
The Mughal Empire
Who was creating much animosity particularly between Hindus and Muslims?
Aurangzeb
The Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires resisted cultural influences from western Europe and did not draw on European scientific ideas from the Scientific Revolution, unlike what two dynasties?
The Ming and Qing dynasties
Q. What did the Islamic religious leaders from the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires discouraged?
New innovations from the West
Q. Where were the majority of Africans destined to labor when they reached the Americas?
The Portuguese colony of Brazil to work in the sugar plantations.
Q. Europeans had originally considered using enslaved Indigenous peoples to perform the havesting of sugar cane and other cash crops in the Americas. Why did these efforts fail?
Indigenous Americans did not provide adequate labor for the Portuguese colonizers in Brazil as they died prematurely or they ran away.
Q. What products were being exported by these peoples as a result of African slave labor in the New World?
With the exception of coffee, all of the products produced from slave labor in the Americas included sugar, rice, indigo, and tobacco, proceeded the harvesting of cotton. Eventually, cotton would become the most sought-after commodity from slave labor in the Americas.
What was the name of the journey of enslaved people who were shipped across the Atlantic to European colonies in the Americas called and why was this journey given this name?
It was called the Middle Passage because it was the middle (or second leg) of the three-legged exchange of Triangular Trade. Great Britain, with the most powerful navy in the world, was the first European country to stop the exportation of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean in the 1830s.
Q. Why did African enslave other Africans?
African slavery (Africans enslaving other Africans) was generally not as harsh as Europeans enslaving Africans or Islamic societies from North Africa or the Arabian Peninsula enslaving Africans from sub-Saharan Africa.
Slave revolts in the United States before the American Civil War were NOT very common
Q. Which of the three early modern Islamic empires was the longest lived?
The Ottoman Empire
Q. Which three continents did the Ottoman Empire occupy parts of?
Europe, Africa, and Asia. The Safavid and Mughal empires were located only in Asia.
Q. What city did Ottoman armies march into in 1453 and what did the Ottomans change the name of this city to which would become the capital of their empire?
Ottoman armies conquered the Byzantine Empire and changed the name of Constantinople to Istanbul. Istanbul became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Q. Among the most striking measures imposed on Christian communities in the Balkans and Caucasus was the enslavement of youth for state and military services. What religion did the Ottomans convert these young Christian boys to? What was the education of these young boys designed to create and what did many of these elite soldiers become known as?
The Otteman Empire converted young boys of the Balkans from Christianity to Islam. The education of young christian boys from the Balkans by the Ottoman Empire was designed to create an elite military force in the service of the sultan.Most of these boys became part of an elite corps known as Janissaries
The Janisaries were the personal bodyguards of the sultan and were considered the greatest fighting force of the Ottoman Empire.
Q. The Ottoman Empire is generally considered to have reached its pinnacle by the rise of what sullen?
Sulelman I
Q. In 1528, Ottoman armies lay siege to Vienna which was then the seat of the Empire. Were the Ottomans able to conquer Vienna from the Christians?
The Ottoman Empire falled in all of it to conquer the Christian stronghold of Vienna which was ruled by the Hapsburgs.
What continent was not involved in the triangular trade?
Asia
Why did the Europeans send so many Africans to Americas during this time period?
The term African diaspora refers to the Islamic nations of North Africa and the Middle East as well as the Christians nations from western Europe being responsible for Africans being enslaved against their will by both Muslims and Christians forces.
What does the author state was the most malign legacy of slavery?
Racism
What 4 negative things are listed as a result of the end of Reconstruction?
Politically
Economically
Culturally
For African Americans
The fact that Africans shared immunities with Europeans meant that they made better what?
Native Americans lacked immunity to European diseases, making them not good slaves during the Columbian Exchange. Africans, sharing immunity to European diseases before the Columbian Exchange, were in higher demand.
The worst of the suffering was not caused by swords or guns but rather by what?
The greatest loss of life in the New World during the Columbian Exchange was caused by disease. Smallpox was the greatest killer during the Columbian Exchange because the native Americans had no immunity to this disease or any other European diseases.
What does this article state about genocide?
The article on Spanish cruelty to Native Americans strongly disagrees with the accusation that the Spanish committed genocide against native Americans. The label Black Legend (Leyenda Negra) is very one-sided and is an incorrect portrayal of Spain's treatment of native Americans being accused of being very cruel to the Native Americans.
What three regions were linked by triangular trade?
Europe
Africa
South America
North America
The Caribbean Sea
What product was being exported by European peoples as a result of African slave labor in the New World?
Cotton would become the most sought-after commodity from slave labor in the Americas - even outpacing the demand for sugar.
Where did many enslaved Africans who were sold to the Spanish from the Portuguese primarily work in the Now World?
Portugal was the largest enslaver of Africans of all European countries. Most Portuguese slaves worked on the sugar plantations of Brazil as Brazil was the largest colony of Portugal and there was a growing demand for sugar by all European nations. The demand for sugar in the Americas would be eventually replaced by the demand for cotton.
Primary locations for the Spanish to use African slaves were in the silver mines of Mexico and Bolivia as large deposits of silver were found in both these Spanish colonies.
Where were the majority of Africans destined to labor when they first reached the Americas?
When they reached the Americas in the early days of European slavery, they were sent to the Portuguese colony of Brazil to work in the sugar plantations. Sugar became the largest cash crop in the Americas until it was replaced by cotton.
Brief Geographical Facts Latin America
Brazil is the largest country in Latin America both in population and geographical size
Mexico is the largest Spanish-speaking country in Latin America by population
Argentina is the largest Spanish-speaking country in Latin America by geographical size
There are no landlocked countries in Central America
The two landlocked countries of South America are Paraguay and Bolivia
El Salvador is the only country in Central America that does not border the Caribbean Sea(Atlantic Ocean)
The Amazon is the largest river in the Western Hemisphere and carries the most water of any river in the world
The Andes Mountains are the longest and highest in the Western Hemisphere
The Atacama Desert, located primarily in Chile, is the driest non-polar desert in the world
The U.S. built the Panama Canal under President Theodore Roosevelt
Unlike the Suez Canal, which has no locks, the Panama Canal has 3 locks