Cognition and Memory (copy)

Multi-Store Model (MSM)

Atkinson and Shiffrin's model proposing that memory consists of three separate stores: sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).

Sensory Register

The initial stage for incoming sensory information; briefly stores sensory input.

Short-Term Memory (STM)

A temporary store with limited capacity, where information is held for a short duration before moving to LTM.

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

A more permanent store of memory with potentially unlimited capacity for information storage.

Iconic Memory

A type of sensory memory responsible for the brief retention of visual information lasting less than a second.

Echoic Memory

A type of sensory memory responsible for the brief retention of auditory information lasting up to 2–4 seconds.

Limited Capacity (STM)

George Miller's research indicates that STM can hold approximately 7 ± 2 items.

Chunking

A strategy that enhances STM capacity by grouping individual elements into larger, meaningful units.

Primacy Effect

The phenomenon where items at the beginning of a list are recalled more easily due to being transferred to LTM.

Recency Effect

The phenomenon where items at the end of a list are recalled more easily due to their freshness in STM.

Central Executive

The supervisory component of the working memory model that coordinates attention and integrates information.

Phonological Loop

The component of working memory that temporarily stores and manipulates verbal and auditory information.

Episodic Buffer

The component of working memory that integrates information across modalities and interfaces with LTM.

Visuospatial Sketchpad

The component of working memory responsible for processing visual and spatial data.