Normal Lab Values

RBC

- male = 4.7-6.1

- female = 4.2-5.4

RBC Significance

transport O2 to tissues throughout body to produce energy

WBC

- Male/Female = 5,000 - 10,000

WBC Significance

provide protection against infections & foreign invaders

HGB

- male = 14-18

- female = 12-16

HGB (hemoglobin) Significance

main component of RBCs; transports O2 & CO2

HCT

- male = 42-52%

- female = 37-47%

HCT (hematocrit) Significance

% of RBCs in total blood volume; abnormal levels may indicate blood loss or fluid imbalance

Platelets

- male/female = 150,000 - 400,000

Platelets Significance

help stop bleeding by forming a clot

Sed Rate

- male = up to 17

- female = up to 25

Sed Rate Significance

- measures how quickly RBCs settle to bottom of test tube

- high levels indicate inflammation in body; used to monitor inflammatory diseases

Prothrombin Time (PT)

male/female = 11.0 -12.5 seconds

Prothrombin Time Significance

time it takes for a clot to form when exposed to tissue factor

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

male/female = .8 - 1.1

International Normalized Ratio Significance

international standard for Prothrombin Time

K+

male/female = 2.5 - 6.5

K+ Significance

important for function of excitable cells (nerve, muscle & cardiac tissue)

Na+

male/female = 136 - 145

Na+ significance

primarily a determinant of extracellular fluid volume

Cl-

male/female = 98 - 106

Cl- Significance

- important for fluid balance & acid-base status

- renal function plays important role in regulation of chloride concentration

Fasting Blood Glucose

ideal = 70 - 110 mg/dl

Fasting Blood Glucose Significance

measures blood sugar levels during fasting state

Post-prandial 2 hours (2 hour PPG)

- age < 50 = <140

- age 50 - 60 = <150

- age > 60 = <160

2-Hour PPG Significance

- measures blood sugar 2 hours after a meal

- provides insight into how body processes sugar & starch

HbA1C

- adults = < 5.7%

- Pre-DM = 5.7% - 6.4%

- DM = >6.5%

HbA1C Significance

average level of blood glucose control over 120 days

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

male/female = 10-20

BUN significance

- nitrogen portion of urea

- evaluates metabolic function of the liver & excretory kidney function of urea

Creatinine

- male = .6 - 1.2

- female = .5 - 1.1

Creatinine Significance

catabolic product of creatine phosphokinase which is used is skeletal muscle contraction

Ammonia

male/female = 10 - 80

Ammonia Significance

- waste product of protein digestion in body; converted into urea by the liver

- evaluates liver function & metabolism; increases with liver damage

Total Proteins

male/female = 6 - 8

Total Proteins Significance

Measures the overall amount of protein in blood; primarily albumin & globulin

Albumin

male/female = 3.5 - 5

Albumin Significance

- protein synthesized in liver & excreted into blood plasma

- low levels indicate kidney/liver dysfunction, poor nutrition, & impaired wound healing

Pre-Albumin

male/female = 15 - 36

Pre-Albumin Significance

- marker for measuring changes in protein synthesis & catabolism

- more sensitive than Albumin in assessing nutritional status

CK (creatine kinase)

- male = 39 - 174 U/L

- female = 26 - 140 U/L

CK (creatine kinase) significance

- commonly used to diagnose & monitor muscle disease or injury

- Rhabdomyolysis is a common condition associated with CK

Troponin

- T-1 = < 0.3

- T-T = <0.1

Troponin Significance

- important biomarkers for cardiac disease

- high specificity for myocardial cell injury & prolonged time course of elevation

Cholesterol

male/female = <200

Total Cholesterol Significance

- main lipid associated with cardiovascular disease

- measured to assess cardiovascular disease risk

Triglycerides

male/female = <150

Triglycerides Significance

- >90% of dietary fat intake & tissue fat stores

- assesses body's ability to metabolize fat & cardiovascular disease risk

O2 Saturation

male/female = 95-100%

O2 Saturation Significance

% of hemoglobin in your blood that is carrying oxygen

pH

male/female = 7.31 - 7.41

pH Significance

measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

PO2

male/female = 80 - 100 mmHg

PO2 Significance

- partial pressure of oxygen

- measures amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood; reflects effectiveness of the lungs in delivering oxygen to blood

PCO2

male/female = 35 -45 mmHg

PCO2 Significance

measure of the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood

HCO3-

male/female = 21- 28 mEg/L

HCO3- Significance

- bicarbonate

- helps regulating the amount of acid or base in the blood