Baka

Which causes of water pollution are due to human activity?
- stormwater runoff
- underground chemical storag

-raw sewage

- thermal pollution
- All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

cause of the vast majority of climate change can be attributed to ____________.
- forest fires
- cattle farming
- crop production
- the burning of fossil fuels
- volcanoes

the burning of fossil fuels

A _ provides electricity to consumers in a way that automatically optimizes delivery

• Power station

• smart grid

• production decentralization

• solar-thermal system

smart grid

monocultures can result in

• reduction in agricultural biodiversity

• a resistance to pests

• a boost for old varieties of seeds

• an increase in valuable genetic traits

• all of these answers are correct

reduction in agricultural biodiversity

water that downhill over the land surface usually after a rainfall event is called

• surface water

• ground water

• runoff

• riparian

• aquifer

runoff

today is we were to purchase a good or service at its true cost, how would the price compare with what we are accustomed to paying for the good or service

• the price would be lower

• the price would be higher

• the price would stay the same

• the price would decrease exponentially

• we cannot predict how the price would change

the price would be higher

which statement is NOT true of geothermal energy

• geothermal projects can cause earthquakes

• home-based geothermal projects can be expensive to install but have a relatively short payback time

• geothermal projects are dangerous because they can release toxic fumes from deep inside earth

• geothermal projefcts are entirely dependent on the locations of hot zomes in Earths’s crust

geothermal projects are dangerous because they can release toxic fumes from deep inside earth

what is an aquifer?

• an area in which saltwater intrudes on freshwater supplies

• a species of confier that can live underwater

• an underground region of permeable soil or rock saturated with water

• the very top region of an underground water reservoir

• a human-made underground water reservoir system

an underground region of permeable soil or rock saturated with water

Refer to infographic 4. use the data from the energy return on investment comparison graph to determine which crop offers the highest net energy return (output-input)

• corn grain ethanol

• soybean biodiesel

• biomass combustion

• biomass ethanol

• biomass biodiesel

corn grain ethanol

what makes solar energy an unreliable energy source

• photovoltaic cells have a lot of moving parts that produce noise

• sunlight is intermittent especially in high latitude locations

• it has expensive start up costs

• all of the answers make solar energy an unreliable energy source

• sunlight is intermittent and solar energy has expensive start-up costs

sunlight is intermittent and solar energy has expensive start-up costs

air pollution can cause which condition

ground level ozone

water pollution

asthma

tissue damage in plants

all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

reducing indoor air pollution does not involve

• providing adequate ventilation for a home

• properly storing household chemicals

• removing carpeting from home

• sealing the home to prevent air leaks

• all of these answers reduce indoor air pollution

sealing the home to prevent air leaks

which of the following represents the downside of using large dams for hydropower

• they can reduce water supplies

• the amount of electricity generated varies based on rainfall

• dam construction carries a high carbon footprint from using concrete

• large amounts of water evaporate from the reservoir in hot climates

• all of these represent the downs-sides of using large dams for hydropower

all of these represent the downsides of using large dams for hydropower

the key to sustainability is

• using one source of energy at a time

• not using energy faster than it can be replenished

• generating energy on demand

• acquiring new energy resources

• not generating energy around the clock

not using energy faster than it can be replenished

_ is the complete loss of species from earth

• endangering

• threatening\expirpation

• endemic

• exctiction

extinction

low-income countries, the main source of indoor air pollution is:

• particulates like soot as a result of cooking with wood or charcoal\

• mold

• toxic chemicals

• radon from the decay of uranium in rock that seeps through the foundations

• lead

particulates like soot as a result of cooking with wood or charcoal

long term patterns or trends of meteorological conditions in a given area refer to its

• weather

• variability

• forecast

• climate

• albedo

climate

which source is not used to reconstruct past climate

• ice cores

• sediment cores

• tree rings

• coral reef growth layers

• all of these sources are used

all of these sources are used

carbon _ refers to the process where a plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and then stores carbon in its roots

sequestration

the leading environmental threat overall is

• air pollution

• water pollution

• climate change

• radiation

• infectious agents

climate change

_ energy is the heat stored underground, contained in either rocks or fluids

• wind

• hydroelectric

• biomass

• geothermal

• solar

geothermal

affluence is BEST described as:

• diet

• wealth

• poverty

• consumption

• demand

wealth

data show that temperature and CO2 levels are related to one another. What does this look like

• as temperature rises, CO2 levels also rise

• as temperatures rise, CO2 levels drop

• as temperatures drop CO2 levels rise

• as temperatures rise there is no effect on CO2 levels

• we do not have enough data to say what kind of relationship thee is between temperature and CO2 levels

As temperature rises, CO2 levels also rise

the specific role a species plays in its community is

• habitat

• community

• niche

• physical environment

• physical environment

• address

niche

where are spent fuel rods currently stored

• at long term-storage sites

• in steel lined pools

• in yucca mountain nevada

• underground in emptied magma chambers

• in developing countries

in steel-lined pools

what us the chemical formula for ozone

• O2

• C2F2Cl2

• SF6

• O3

• CrO2Cl2

O3

what is a way electricity can be produced

• burning

• harnessing nuclear energy

• using energy moving water

• capturing solar energy

• these are all wats electricity can be produced

these are all ways electricity can be produced

how do human actions affect environmental harzards

• increased clean water supplies

• decreases extreme weather conditions

• decreases the range of pathogens

• increases the risk or severity of hazards

• decreases air pollution

increases the risk or severity of harzards

_ is a term that describes misleading claims about the healthiness of organic foods

• greenwashing

• organic washing

• organic inaccuracy

• transgenic

• greencarding

greenwashing

which statement describes a benefit of growing diverse grasses for biofuel production?

• it can be grown in marginal soil

• it can be grown on neglected agricultural land

• it does not displace food producion

• it is not destructive to humans

• all of these statements describe benefits

all of these statements describe benefits

which resource is not a fossil fuel?

• oil

• peat

• natural gas

• coal

peat

what is a limiting factor for fuel crop production

• carbon footprint

• available food

• feedstocks

• nitrogen fertilizer use

• climate change

feedstocks

A nonrenewable natural resource formed millions of years ago from plant or animal remains that is used as an energy source is called a(n):

• hydrocarbon

• peat

• unconventional source

• fossil fuel

fossil fuel

in terms of how much energy is input is required to produce food, it is more energetically to consume:

• steak

• milk

• tuna

• eggs

• broccoli

broccoli

_ is any material added to the atmosphere that harms organisms, affects the climate, or impacts structures

• asthma

• an environmental insult

• air pollution

• acid deposition

• airborne respiration

air pollution

what fee is paid to the government on environmentally undesirable activities

• tax credit

• green tax

• subsides

• cap-and-trade

green tax

the largest potential source of freshwater s found in

• groundwater

• lakes

• ocenas

• polar ice caps and glaciers

• rivers

polar ice caps and glaciers

_ is the ability of a surface to reflect away solar radiation

• albedo

• positive feedback

• radiative force

• greenhouse effect

albedo

what is a dead zone

• water so depleted of oxygen that aquatic life suffers

• waters too hot for aquatic life to survive

• water too salty for humans to drink

• an area of water with high densities of plastic

water so depleted of oxygen that aquatic life suffers

which factor is NOT an aspect of climate?

• long term patterns or trends

• useful for predicting weather

• timing of seasonal shifts

• winter lows and summers highs hover close to expected norms

• a few warmer days here or there

a few warmer days here or there

rock is constantly made and destroyed in the process known as the _ cycle

• tectonic

• mineral

• rock

• geological

• ore

geological

which group can undergo photosynthesis to generate energy?

• secondary consumers

• primary consumers

• producers

• both secondary and primary consumers

• both primary consumers and producers

producers

when does zero population growth occur

• when the population growth rates decline

• when birth rates equal death rates

• when the replacement fertility rate is higher than the death rate

• when death rates fall

• when birth rates fall and death rates continue to rise

when birth rates equal death rates

_ are defined as solids, liquids, or gasses that produce energy from biological material

• biosources

• biomaterials

• biofuels

• biopowers

biofuels

environmental science relies or draws on:

• natural sciences such as ecology

• sciences such as engineering

• social sciences such as anthropology

• humanities such as literature

• all of these are related to environmental science

all of these are related to environmental science

nontarget species that become trapped in fishing nets and are usually discarded are known as

• target catch

• endangered species

• bycatch

• depleted fisheries

• fishing down the food chain

bycatch

regions of distinctly different physical areas that serve as boundaries between different communities are called

• ecotones

• ecological footprint

• buffers

• core habitat

ecotones

what is meant by the term sustainable?

• capable of being contained indefinitely

• consuming for than the environment can renew

• not caring about resources future generations need

• following the law in terms of the envirobnmet

• making less expensive products for consumers

capable of being contained indefinitely

which example is not a driving habit that maximizes fuel economy

• using cruise control

• keeping tires properly inflated

• avoiding carrying excess weight in the vehicle

• keeping car idling when parked briefly and avoiding turning the car on and off

• combining trips and planning your route to avoid backtracking

combining trips and planning your route to avoid backtracking

which process contributes to desertification

• overgrazing by livestock

• global warming

• soil erosion

• overgrazing by livestock, global warming, and soil erosion

• both overgrazing by livestock and soil erosion

overgrazing by livestock, global warming, and soil erosion

what factors make wind energy imperfect as an energy source?

• wind is intermittent

• wind turbines are expensive to build

• wind turbines can create noise

• all of the answers are factors that make wind energy imperfect as an energy source

all of the answers are factors that make wind energy imperfect as an energy source

the earliest renewable energy source used by humans was:

• biomass

• soal

• wind

• geothermal

• hydropower

biomass

radioactive decay, radioactive isotopes can give off which of the following

• gamma radiation

• heat

• particles

• gamma radiation, heat, and particles

• both gamma radiation and heat

gamma radiation, heat, and particles

_ rods are used in a nuclear plant to absorb neutrons and reflect the speed of the fission chain reaction

• fuel

• nuclear

• regulatory

• control

• mechanical

control

a natural area such as a park or underdeveloped landscape containing grass, trees, or other vegetation in an urban area, usually set aside for recreational use is known as

• green space

• urbanization

• smart growth

• green city

green space

what is biodiversity

• the measurement of the individual in a particular population

• diversity that refers only to the coloration of fur, feathers, and dry skin

• the variety of all living things and nonliving things on the planet Earth

• the variety of all living things on earth

• a field of study that focuses on humans and the interactions with the environment

the variety of all living things on earth

Natural gas is similar to oil in that it:

• has a similar extraction method

• contains impurities before it is refined

• has a similar processing method

• is found deep under the ground

• all of these answer choices are correct

• all of these answer choices are correct

The rate at which children must be born to replace those dying in the population is called:

• positive growth

• fertility rate

• demographic transition

• carrying capacity

• replacement fertility rate

replacement fertility rate

____ provides the CLEANEST source of energy

• coal

• oil

• oil shale

• natural gas

• nuclear power

nuclear powe

Which factor is a source of indoor air pollution?

• mold

• dust mites

• radon

• cigarette smoke

• all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

Densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them are known as:

• urban areas

• sprawl zones

• core areas

• exurbs

urban areas

In an ideal world, all polices would be based on:

• sound science

• professional lobbyists for corporations

• professional lobbyists for nonprofit organizations

• a strong public voice

• congressional committees

sound science

Potential trade-offs to reforestation efforts include:

• high cost

• water shortages

• fragmentation of habitats

• less land for agriculture

• all of these answers are potential trade-offs to reforestation efforts

all of these answers are potential trade-offs to reforestation efforts

Coal, natural, and oil are examples of:

• renewable resources

• nonrenewable resources

• alternative forms of energy

• infinite resources

• unlimited resources

nonrenewable resources

Natural selection acts on ___, while ____ evolve.

• populations; individuals

• communities; individuals

• species; individuals

• individuals; populations

• communities; populations

individuals; populations

Which renewable resource supplies more electricity to the human population than any other single renewable resources?

• solar energy

• wind

• geothermal energy

• biomass

• hydropower

hydropower

Which factor influences population size?

• access to food

• presence of predators

• sufficient habitat

• presence of pathogens

• all of these answer choices are correct

all of these answer choices are correct

a locale where access to affordable, fresh, and nutritious food is limited or nonexistent is known as:

• food security

• food insufficiency

• food regulation

• a food desert

a food desert

Palm oil can be found in which product?

• chocolate

• shampoos

• toilet cleaner

• peanut butter

• palm oil can be found in all of these products

palm oil can be found in all of these products

The type of forest is determined by which main factor(s)?

• temperature

• precipitation

• type of soil

• temperature and precipitation

• precipitation and type of soil

temperature and precipitation

Refer to infographic 5. If the half-life of a certain radioactive isotope is 5 years and 100 atoms of parent material exist in the original sample, how many parent atoms will be present in the sample after 10 years?

• 100

• 75

• 50

• 25

• 0

25

Efforts intended to minimize the extent or impact or climate change are referred to as:

• adaptation

• facilitation

• mitigation

• stabilization

mitigation

Which compound is the MOST potent greenhouse gas?

• halocarbons like CFCs

• nitrous oxide

• methane

• carbon dioxide

• they are all equally potent

nitrous oxide

The loss of apex predators often disrupts food webs by:

• allowing lower-tropic level species to increase in number

• causing an increase in aquatic plants through increased lower-tropic-level species

• diminishing reproductive capacities in predator species

• expanding habitat for lower-tropic-level species

allowing lower-tropic-level species to increase in number

An atom that spontaneously emits subatomic particles and/or energy is called:

• radioactive

• isotopic

• fissionary

• fusionary

radioactive

Which form of biomass is burned directly for energy?

• dried manure

• algae

• firewood

• both dried manure and firewood

• both algae and firewood

both dried manure and firewood

____ energy is replenished over short time scales or is perpetually available.

• sustainable

• reusable

• renewable

• fossil fuel

renewable

Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed when plant material is buried in ___ conditions and subjected to ___ over a long time.

• oxygen-rich; high heat and pressure

• oxygen-poor; high heat and pressure

• oxygen-poor; low heat and pressure

• oxygen-rich; low heat and pressure

oxygen-poor; high heat and pressure

A farm that plants genetically identical crops likely uses ___ agriculture methods.

• sustainable

• industrial

• organic

• commercial

• home/personal

industrial

A radioactive particle that has gone through 2 half-lives retains what percent of its parent material?

• 200%

• 100%

• 50%

• 25%

• 2%

25%

Air pollutants released directly from any source are considered to be:

• ozone

• ground-level ozone

• primary air pollutants

• secondary air pollutants

primary air pollutants

What happens at a divergent plate boundary?

• The tectonic plates move toward each other

• The tectonic plates slide side to side relative to each other

• One tectonic plate moves below another

• The tectonic plates move away from each other

• A trench is formed

The tectonic plates move away from each other

Which example is a waste that can be used to produce biofuel?

• used fryer oil from restaurants

• manure

• crop residues

• animal fats

• All of these waste materials can be used to produce biofuel

All of these waste materials can be used to produce biofuel

Nuclear power plants use ___ to boil water and produce steam, which is then used to generate electricity.

• heat

• coal

• oil

• fossil fuels

• petroleum

heat

Which electricity energy source is LEAST expensive for most consumers?

• fossil fuels

• solar energy

• wind

• geothermal energy

• nuclear energy

fossil fuels

Climate change affects:

• the environment

• human health

• economics

• societies

• All of these answers are correct

All of these answers are correct

Which factor faces a challenge when making biofuel from algae?

• meeting fresh water requirements

• competing with food crops

• paying the high expenses of all production faclities

• convincing companies to invest in turning algae oil into fuel

meeting fresh water requirements

Why is water valuable in the production of nuclear energy?

• water cools control rods

• water produces steam

• water prevents the reactor from overheating

• water both produces steam and prevents the reactor from overheating

• water cools control rods, produces steam, and prevents the reactor from overheating

water cools control rods, produces steam, and prevents the reactor from overheating

Refer to the infographic. Even though the planet is 75% water, only ___% of this is freshwater.

• 1.2

• 30.1

• less than 1

• 2.5

• 23.5

2.5

Which example is NOT a type of grassland?

• tundra

• steppes

• prairies

• savannas

• none of these answers is correct

tundra

___ is the study of Earth’s structure and the processes that shape it.

• Biology

• Chemistry

• Physics

• Engineering

• Geology

Geology

While the number of ___ in the atom of an element is unique, the number of ___ can vary.

• neutrons; protons

• neutrons; electrons

• protons; neutrons

• protons; electrons

• electrons; protons

protons; neutrons

___ is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases in the United States and other developed nations and a major cause of childhood disability.

• Arthritis

• Heart disease

• Lung cancer

• Asthma

• Skin cancer

Asthma

Much of which city will be under water at some point if we don’t address climate change?

• Washington, D.C.

• Dallas

• Paris

• Miami

• Tokyo

Miami

In 1963, the United States passed the ___, which sets a maximum amount for emissions of pollutants or the presence of pollutants in ambient air.

• Safe Air Act

• Safe Air Law

• Clean Air Act

• Clear Air Law

• Safe and Clean Air Act

Clean Air Act

Which step(s) can be taken to reduce environmental health hazards?

• provide access to clean water

• reduce vector exposure

• reduce air pollution

• provide education

• All of these answers are correct

All of these answers are correct

Which form of air pollution is acid rain?

• secondary air pollutant

• primary air pollutant

• point source

• nonpoint source

• ground-level pollution

secondary air pollutant

How is an ecosystem defined?

• a group of plants or animals in the same environment

• an environment identified by predominant vegetation and organisms

• all organism in a given area plus their physical environment

• all populations in a given area

• all populations living and interacting in a given area

all organism in a given area plus their physical environment

The range of a given population is BEST defined as the geographic area where:

• the population can be found

• the population used to exist

• one individual of the population is able to travel

• food can be found for the population

• only one species is found

the population can be found

Choose the form of biomass that is most commonly used to ferment into bioethanol.

• switchgrass

• crop waste

• corn

• forestry waste

• manure

corn