Property of an object that indicates how it can be used. Buttons afford pushing, knobs afford turning.
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Anti-personae
A profile of those for whom a product is not designed.
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Attitude
The perceptions, feelings and opinions about a product by a user.
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Behavioural design
Focussed on use and understanding, this considers how people will use a product, focussing on functionality.
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Characteristics of a good user-product interface
These include: simplicity and ease of use; intuitive logic, organization and low memory burden; visibility; feedback; affordance; mapping; and constraints.
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Constraints
Limitations on how the product can be used.
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Design for emotion
A design strategy that focusses on increasing user engagement, loyalty and satisfaction with a product by incorporating emotion and personality into product design.
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Dominant design
The design contains those implicit features of a product that are recognized as essential by a majority of manufacturers and purchasers.
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Effectiveness
A measure of the speed of performance or error rate and its relation to the capabilities of a product.
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Empathetic
When the designer takes the place of the user to see who potentially could use the product and the object could be better suited for the consumer.
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Enhanced usability
Increases product acceptance, user experience, and productivity while decreasing user error and required training and support.
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Environment
The place where a product is likely to be used.
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Feedback
The provision of information as a result of an action. This can be a audio, visual or aesthetic response.
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Field research
A first hand observation of customer's user experience. It is essential for the research to be conducted in the user's environment.
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Ideo-pleasure
Pleasures linked to our ideal; aesthetically, culturally and otherwise.
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Inclusive design
The design of mainstream products and/or services so that they are accessible and usable by as many people as possible without the need for adaptation or specialised design.
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Iterative
Act of repeating a process with the aim of approaching a desired goal, target or result. Each repetition of the process is also called an iteration, and the results of one iteration are used as the starting point for the next iteration.
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Iterative design
A design methodology based on a cyclic process of prototyping, testing, analyzing, and refining a product or process.
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Learnability
The extent to which a user can operate a product or system at a defined level of competence after a pre-determined period of training.
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Mapping
Relates to the correspondence between the layout of the controls and their required action
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Method of extremes
A common sampling method where users are selected to represent the extremes of a user population, typically the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile. Products are then designed and/or tested to ensure that they function efficiently for those users.
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Natural environment
The monitoring of the user interacting with the product in their homes, place of work or other natural product usage environments.
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Observation
A collection of responses from users, a trail of observation of users interacting with the product.
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Participatory design
When users representing the target market for a product perform realistic tasks by interacting with a paper version of the user-product interface manipulated by a person acting as a computer who does not explain how the interface works.
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Personae
A profile of the primary target audience for a product.
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Physio-pleasure
A sensual pleasure that comes from touching, smelling, hearing or tasting something. It can also be derived from a feeling of satisfaction that comes from the effectiveness of an object in enabling an action to be performed.
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Population stereotype
Responses that are found to be widespread in a user population.
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Product acceptance
The knowledge that a product or service paid for will meet up to its defined expectations.
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Productivity
Developing products and services with the user in mind so that they can reduce time wasting and simplify complex aspects of the product.
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Prototype testing session
A session where a test product is made and tested - all experiments are conducted before making the final product, making all changes necessary that can be seen when the prototypes are used.
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Psycho-pleasure
Types of pleasure that comes from cognition, discovery, knowledge and other things that satisfy the intellect.
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Reflective design
Design that evokes personal memory focussing on the message, culture and the meaning of a product or its use.
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Scenario
An imagined sequence of events in the daily life of a persona based on assumptions.
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Secondary personae
A profile of those who are not the primary target audience for a product, but whose needs the product should meet.
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Signifier
A signal, graphic or indicator that communicates appropriate behavior to a person and where an action should take place. Touch screens afford touching... whereas this this term indicates where and how to touch.
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Socio-pleasure
Pleasures that come from a feeling of belonging to a social group, social-enablers, and other ways that one can identify oneself with social groups.
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Sympathetic
The decisions required for the product to be the most helpful for the user given certain conditions.
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Task
The thing that the product is supposed to do, however the user may have several sub uses for the product.
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Testing house
Typically a company that will test products on their site.
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The attract/converse/ transact (ACT) model
A framework for creating designs that improve the relations of users with a product and intentionally trigger emotional responses.
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The four-pleasure framework
A framework devised by Professor Lionel Tiger that encourages design for pleasure and emotion. It comprises of four areas: Socio-pleasure; Physio-pleasure; Psycho-pleasure; and Ideo-pleasure.
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Training and support
Help and guidance such as tutorials or instructions on how to use the product.
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Usability
The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals effectively and efficiently, while functioning in a predictable and consistent manner.
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Usability laboratory
A lab in which usability testing is carried out, and test users are monitored by another group of observers in a different room.
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Usability objectives
Include usefulness, effectiveness, learnability and likeability.
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Usability testing session
The testing of a product with potential users to find out how usable the product is.
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Use case
A set of possible sequences of interactions or event steps between a user and a product to achieve a particular action.
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Usefulness
The extent to which a product enables the user to achieve their goals.
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User
Person utilising the product, person who is being affected by the product or who is reaping benefits/drawbacks.
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User error
Mistakes and slips when using the product due aspects such as complexity or inefficiency.
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User experience
A person's perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service, this can modify over time due to changing usage circumstances.
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User population
The range of users for a particular product or system.
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User-centred design
A design process that pays particular attention to the needs of potential users of a product by involving them in all stages of the design process.
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Visceral design
Design that speaks to people's nature in terms of how they expect products and systems to function and how they expect to interact with them.
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Visibility
Controls should be easily accessible to the human eye.
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Attract
The part of the ACT model that is aesthetics oriented.
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Converse
The part of the ACT model that is interaction oriented.
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Transact
The part of the ACT model that is function oriented.
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