lo5 everything

reread probably

advantages of using air ambulances

• reduced transport times

• can provide higher levels of care

• ability to access remote areas

disadvantages of air ambulances

• weather and environmental challenges

• altitude limitations

• ambient noise in flight

• airspeed limitations

• cabin size

• terrain for landing

• cost

• potential for crash

• number of responders is restricted

Boyles law

• volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure

daltons law

allows to determine pressure of oxygen at various altitudes given the total atmospheric pressure

where do unpressurized aircrafts fly?

first 3000 meters of the troposphere

GHOSTBAND

• gravitational forces

• humidity/hyperventilation

• oxygen

• shakes/vibration

• temperatyre

• barometric pressure

• atmosphere

• noise

• disorientation

how to avoid effects of flights

• rest

• no alcohol or smoking

• seat belts

• avoid gas containing food/beverages

• avoid chewing gum

• stay fit

• empty bladder

• ear protection

• dress properly

respiratory emergencies and air transport

must be managed on ground before the flight

cardiac arrest and air ambulance

transportation after circulation has been restored

spinal precautions for air ambulance

spinal motion restriction should be used aways if suspected spine injury

gastrointestinal disorders and air ambulance

nasogastric or orogastric tubes should be used

preparing for fixed wing aircrafts

• keep ambulance off tarmac until aircraft is at a complete stop

• emergency lights for when on tarmac

• do not drive towards aircraft unless engine is off or pilot says so

• approach from side and make sure pilot is aware

preparing for helicopter

• 60 meters from landing zone

• eye and ear protection

• helmets with chinstrap

• never approach until told to

• semi crouched from 10 or 2 o clock

• secure all loose objects

when to activate air transport trauma

• fall from greater than 6 feet

• penetrating central injuries

• scalping injury

• severe hemorrhage

• major burns to face or chest

• injuries to face and neck that result in airway concern

• multi trauma pediatric patient

• lengthy extrication where critical care will benefit the patient by arriving

• ejected from vehicle

• another occupant of vehicle died

• thrown from a motorcycle

• patient older than 55 with multiple injuries

• respiratory rate under 10 or over 30

• heart rate under 60 or greater than 120

general situations for air ambulance

• patient requires critical care during transport

• rapid transport is needed

• potential delays associated with ground transport that could harm patient

• use of ground transport would leave local area without ambulance coverage

medical situations for air ambulance

• previously in cardiac or respiratory arrest

• respiratory failure was not responsive to intervention

• patient requires continuous medication or ventilation to maintain cardiac output

• requires mechanical ventilation

• hypothermia that requires immediate invasive therapy

• respiratory rate less than 10 and greater than 30

• heart rate less than 50 or greater than 150

• BP less that 90 mm/hg or greater than 200mm/hg systolic

• acute MI, evolving stroke or dissecting or leaking aneurism

• pregnant patient with high risk obstetrical condition

pediatric patients for air ambulance

high risk of

• cardiac dysrhythmia or failure

• respiratory failure or arrest

patient presents with

• near drowning

• acute bacterial meningitis

• acute respiratory failure

• status epileptics

• hypothermia

• multiple trauma

also

• requires invasive airway interventions or ventilation

• signs of shock

landing zone should be ________ from incident

downwind unless hazardous materials

landing zone should be ______ metres from incident site

36 meters, 120 feet

how big should landing zone be

36 meters by 36 meters, marked corners