Psychological Disorders: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

dieting results in out-of-control binge-eating episodes that are often followed by purging the food through vomiting or other means

Bulimia Nervosa

a pattern of binge-eating is not followed by purging

Binge-Eating Disorder

food intake is cut dramatically, results in substantial weight loss and sometimes dangerously low body weight

Anorexia Nervosa

means disturbances in sleep

Dyssomnia

abnormal events such as nightmares and sleepwalking that occur during sleep

Parasomnia

involves the inability to initiate sleep, problems maintaining sleep, or failure to feel refreshed after a full night's sleep

Insomnia Disorder

sudden and irresistible sleep attacks

Narcolepsy

sleepiness or insomnia caused by the body's inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with day and night

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

disruptions that have a physical origin, such as sleep apnea, that leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders

typically done by monitoring the heart, muscles, respiration, brain waves, and other functions of a sleeping client in the lab

Polysomnographic Evaluation

self-induced vomiting immediately after eating and using laxatives (drugs that relieve constipation) and diuretics (drugs that result in loss of fluids through greatly increased frequency of urination)

Purging Technques

the percentage of time actually spent asleep, not just lying in bed trying to sleep

Sleep Efficiency (SE)

excessive sleepiness that is displays as either sleeping longer than is typical or frequent falling asleep during the day

Hypersomnolence Disorders

motor movements and behaviors that occur during NREM sleep including incomplete awakening (confusional arousals), sleep walking, or sleep terrors (abrupt awakening from sleep that begins with a panicky scream)

Disorder of Arousal

frequently being awakened by extended and extremely frightening dreams that cause significant distress and impaired functioning

Nightmare Disorder

episodes of arousal during REM sleep that result in behaviors that can cause harm to the individual or others

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

irresistible urges to move the legs as a result of unpleasant sensations (sometimes labels "creeping", "tugging", or "pulling" in the limbs)

Restless Legs Syndrome

severe sleep disturbance that is the result of substance intoxication or withdrawal

Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder

a degenerative brain disorder; total lack of sleep eventually leads to death

Fatal Familial Insomnia

people's sleep patterns are disrupted, sometimes seriously, when they fly across several time zones

Jet Lag

difficulty breathing at night; often snore loudly, pause between breaths, and wake in the morning with a dry mouth and headache

Sleep Apnea

a sudden loss of muscle tone; occurs while the person is awake and can range from slight weakness in the facial muscles to complete physical collapse

Cataplexy

a brief period after awakening when they can't move or speak that is often frightening to those who go through it

Sleep Paralysis

vivid and often terrifying experiences that begin at the start of sleep and are said to be unbelievably realistic because they include not only visual aspects but also touch, hearing, and even the sensation of body movement

Hypnagogic Hallucinations

occurs when airflow stops despite continued activity by the respiratory system

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

a decrease in airflow without a complete pause in breathing; tends to cause an increase in carbon dioxide levels because insufficient air is exchanged with the environment

Sleep-Related Hypoventilation

when the child is extremely upset, often sweating, and frequently has a rapid heartbeat; on the surface, they appear to resemble nightmares but they occur during NREM sleep and therefore are not caused by frightening dreams

Sleep Terrors

when individuals rise from their beds and eat while they are still asleep

Nocturnal Eating Syndrome

acting out sexual behaviors such as masturbation and sexual intercourse with no memory of the event

Sexsomnia