GCSE AQA Geography - coastal landscapes in the uk

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Weathering

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The breakdown of rocks in situ, which includes types such as mechanical, chemical, and biological.

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Mass movement

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The downhill movement of material due to gravity, including rockfall, landslides, mudflows, and rotational slip.

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Flashcards covering key concepts and terms related to tectonic hazards and coastal processes in GCSE AQA Geography.

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22 Terms

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Weathering

The breakdown of rocks in situ, which includes types such as mechanical, chemical, and biological.

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Mass movement

The downhill movement of material due to gravity, including rockfall, landslides, mudflows, and rotational slip.

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Erosion

The wearing away of the coastline by the sea through hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution.

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Transportation in coastal processes

The movement of sediment along the coast by methods such as longshore drift, traction, saltation, suspension, and solution.

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Deposition

When the sea loses energy and drops the material it is carrying, typically in sheltered areas like bays.

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Longshore drift

The zigzag movement of sediment along the coast, caused by waves approaching at an angle.

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Constructive waves

Waves that build up beaches with strong swash and weak backwash.

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Destructive waves

Waves that erode coastlines with weak swash and strong backwash.

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Headlands and bays formation

Formed on discordant coastlines; soft rock erodes faster to create bays, while hard rock remains as headlands.

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Cliff and wave-cut platform formation

Erosion at the base of cliffs forms a wave-cut notch, leading to cliff collapse and a flat platform.

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Caves, arches, stacks, and stumps formation

Erosion of cracks in headlands creates caves that widen into arches, which collapse to form stacks and stumps.

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Beach formation

Formed by constructive waves depositing sand and shingle in sheltered areas like bays.

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Spit

A long, narrow ridge of sand or shingle connected to land at one end, formed by longshore drift and deposition.

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Bar and lagoon

A bar is formed when a spit joins two headlands, creating a lagoon behind it.

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Hard engineering strategies

Methods such as sea walls, rock armour, and groynes used for coastal management, usually expensive but effective.

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Soft engineering strategies

More sustainable coastal management approaches like beach nourishment, dune regeneration, and managed retreat.

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Managed retreat

Allowing controlled flooding of low-lying areas to create natural buffer zones like salt marshes.

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Groynes advantages and disadvantages

Advantages: trap sediment and build beaches. Disadvantages: starve down-drift areas of sediment and visually intrusive.

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Sea walls advantages and disadvantages

Advantages: provide strong protection. Disadvantages: expensive and can reflect waves back, causing further erosion.

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Holderness Coast

East Yorkshire coast, known for rapid erosion due to soft boulder clay and strong waves.

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Holderness Coast erosion reasons

Caused by soft geology, strong waves from the North Sea, longshore drift, and narrow beaches.

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Holderness Coast coastal management

Involves hard engineering strategies such as rock armour and groynes, though erosion continues further down the coast.