Science Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards about atoms, metals, and non-metals

Who was J.J. Thomson?

Discovered the electron and proposed the plum pudding model.

What is the plum pudding model?

Atoms are positive spheres with negative electrons.

Who was Ernest Rutherford?

Discovered the nucleus and proposed the nuclear model of the atom.

What is the nuclear model of the atom?

Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positive nucleus and electrons orbiting it.

Who was Niels Bohr?

Suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in different energy levels or shells.

Who was Sir James Chadwick?

Discovered neutrons, which have no charge but a similar mass to protons.

Which metal is a liquid at room temperature?

Mercury

Which metals are not silver-grey?

Copper and gold

What is a key property of metals regarding heat and electricity?

They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

What is the shiny look of metals called?

Metallic lustre

What is the property of metals that allows them to be hammered into thin sheets?

Malleable

What is the property of metals that allows them to be drawn into wires?

Ductile

What are non-metals called due to their poor conductivity of heat and electricity?

Insulators

What are some key physical properties of non-metals?

They do not have a metallic lustre and can not be drawn into wire or hammered without breaking.

What is a characteristic of the odors of non-metals?

They can have pleasant or nasty odors.

What subatomic particles make up an atom?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Positive, no charge, and negative, respectively.

What are diatomic elements?

Molecules consisting of two atoms bonded together.

Name the seven diatomic elements.

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine

What did Democritus suggest around 400 BC?

All substances consist of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.

What were John Dalton's key ideas (1808) about atoms?

All matter consists of atoms, and atoms of the same element are alike.

What is the smallest unit of a compound (having at least two different atoms) called?

A molecule.

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances physically mixed together but not chemically bonded.

What happens when you create a mixture?

No chemical reaction or new substance is formed, and properties do not change.

How do you separate elements, compounds and mixtures?

An element cannot be separated, a compound can only be chemically separated, and a mixture can be physically separated.

What is an element?

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

What is a compound?

A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms.

How many types of atoms are there?

118

How many different atoms are found in nature?

92

Which elements are liquids at room temperature?

Bromine and mercury

How are compounds made?

Compounds can be made from non-metals bonded together or metals and non-metals bonded together.

What happens to the properties of elements when they combine to form a compound?

They lose their own properties, and the compound has new properties.