Islamische Geschichte

What does 'Inshā Allāh' mean?

'So God wills!'

What does 'Allāhu aʽlam' signify?

'God knows better or only God knows!'

What is the modern approach to historiography according to the lecture?

A departure from supposedly 'objective' historiography towards a subjective/inter-subjective representation.

What is the concept of the 'open artwork' as mentioned in the notes?

An artwork speaks differently to each viewer.

Who describes the 'simultaneity of unevenly expected phenomena'?

Ernst Bloch.

What is the main argument of Hans-Jürgen Goertz regarding historiographic constructions?

That the past is inherently uncertain and subject to historical constructions.

What is the significance of the term 'sīra'?

It refers to the life of the Prophet Muhammad.

When do modern historiography practices begin?

Ab 1900, focusing on context-based and critical analysis.

What triggered the Hijra (emigration) of Muslims to Medina?

Increased persecution in Mecca led to the Muslims seeking refuge in Medina.

Who was the first caliph after the Prophet Muhammad?

Abu Bakr.

What characterized the Umayyad dynasty's rise to power?

The establishment of a central monarchy and the bureaucratic governance structure.

What major victory did the Abbasids achieve in 751?

The successful battle at Talas against the Chinese army.

What was significant about the year 1258 in Islamic history?

The Mongol conquest and destruction of Baghdad, leading to the end of the Abbasid Caliphate.

What is the main belief of the Shiite sect of Islam regarding leadership?

They believe in the Imamate, which holds that leaders must be descendants of the Prophet Muhammad.

What did Ibn Khaldun contribute to historiography?

He emphasized the need for critical analysis in history and highlighted the rise and fall of civilizations.

What is the significance of the term 'gizya' in Islamic history?

It refers to the tax imposed on non-Muslims in an Islamic state.

What event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar?

The Hijra (migration) of Muhammad and his followers to Medina in 622 AD.