Freshwater Eco Quiz 3

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44 Terms

1
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2 Largest Reservoirs of Inorganic Carbon

CaCO3 + CO2 (rocks and air)

2
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Importance of Inorganic Carbon

photosynthesis, buffering capacity, shape shifter

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Photosynthesis drives the chemical equation to the…

right and raises pH

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High pH causes…

lots of limestone

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adding carbon changes…

pH

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CO2 + H2O —> H2CO3

carbonic acid

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HCO3

bicarbonate

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CO3

carbonate

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Carbonate salts form in…

high pH

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White mud (marl)

gives northern lakes white color and over long geological time become rocks

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The graph / curve for pH looks…

very similar to the oxygen graph - noon - midnight - noon

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Shape-Shifter Graph

CO2, HCO3, CO3 are the lines - x axis is pH4, night, pH8, day, pH 12

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Usual pH of ponds

8 or higher in summertime

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There is no CO2 in water with…

pH 8 or higher

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Carbonate salts are deposited on…

leaves of plants

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Calcium carbonate neutralizes…

acid, protects water, prevents pH from getting too high

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Pyrite is highly…

soluble

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Liebig’s Law of the Minimum

one limiting factor, strict stoichiometry, non-substitutability in demand

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Limiting nutrient in lakes

phosphorus

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Limiting nutrient in rivers

50/50 phosphorus and nitrogen

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Limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems

nitrogen 

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Limiting nutrient in terrestrial systems

nitrogen - washed away every time it rains

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Phosphorus is very…

sticky

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Oligotrophic

less than 10 ppb (water you want to swim in)

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Mesotrophic

10 - 50 ppb (water you don’t want to swim in)

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Eutrophic

more than 50 ppb (water you don’t want to swim in)

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Phosphorus is rare in…

biosphere

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Plants have high demand for…

phosphorus

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PO4

phosphate

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Phosphorus Cycle

purely sedimentary, runaway eutrophication, sediments accumulate phosphorus

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#1 water pollutant in North America

phosphorus

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Phosphorus can only go…

downhill

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Characteristics of Eutrophic Systems

  1. low water transparency (algae)

  2. growth of noxious gases (toxic microcystis filamentous)

  3. hypoxia (fish kills)

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Hypoxia

more phosphate = more algae = more detritus = more microbial activity = no more oxygen = dead fishies

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NO3

nitrate

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NO2

nitrite

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N2

nitrogen gas

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NH3

ammonia

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Natural Processes of Nitrogen Fixation

  1. Rhizobial Bacteria (legumes + blue-green algae)

  2. lightning

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Human Processes of Nitrogen Fixation

  1. synthetic fertilizer

  2. tail pipe emissions

  3. planting lots of legumes

  4. haber bosch process

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Rebecca Fagley

venango county conservation district

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Groundwater reacts with pyrite from bedrock, carries it to the surface, then reacts with water

4FeS2 + 15O2 + 14H2O > 4Fe(OH3) + 8(SO4) 2 + 16H+

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Surface Mine Control + Reclamation Act of 1977

regulates current mining practices and created the AML fund

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Methods of Remediating AMD

diversion of surface and ground water, chemical (active) treatments, passive treatments