Early Humans/Agricultural Revolution

Surplus

A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded

Agriculture

farming

Selective breeding

The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation

Domestication of animals

the taming of animals and plants for human use, such as work or as food (dog)

Domestication of Plants

Domesticating plants for human use, one of the first steps to a full-fledged agricultural economy.

Migration

Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

Push and Pull Factors

Conditions that draw people to another location (pull factors) or cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region (push factors) (ex: Lack of food/surplus of food)

Otzi

name of the iceman found in the Otztal Alps, Tuscany

(Died between 40-50 years old)

How did archeologists know that Otzi the iceman was from the Neolithic Age?

He had

- Plant "medicine"

- A bronze axe

- A sheep and goat leather

- A process called carbon-dating

- Seeds

Survival in the mountains

Otzi ran down from the mountains in order to get away from the person that killed him. He ran down from an altitude of 2500m then 24hours late he was at 1200m and then 3000m. He found plants to eat and also is said to might have made a fire.

Carbon Dating

a scientific method used to determine the age of an artifact.

Hominids

Homo Sapiens

Homo Habilis

Homo Erectus

Neanderthal

Australopithecus

What other Hominid are Homeo Sapiens said to have lived while they were alive?

Neanderthal

Which Hominids lived together then became extinct when Homo Sapiens came into the picture?

Homo Habilis & Homo Erectus

What does Homo Sapien mean?

Thinking Man/Modern Man

Artifact

an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.

Archeology

the study of material evidence of past human life

Olduvai Gorge

Archeological site in Africa where Otzi was found

Tools from the Neolithic era

Axes

Knives

Blades and Diggers

Arrows and Spearheads

Leaf shaped flint

Weapons used in the Neolithic era.

Javelin Heads - Spears

Cognitive Revolution

The shift away from strict behaviorism, characterized by renewed interest in fundamental problems of consciousness and internal mental processes.

Collective Learning

The ability to share, preserve, and build upon ideas over time.

Flint Knapping

process of chipping away or applying pressure to create a rough grooved edge

How did Language affect migration and trading?

Having different languages created a barrier between the different languages

Out of Africa Theory

also called the replacement theory; this theory refers to when Homo sapiens began spreading out of Africa to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago and replacing populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia

Foraging

Behavior associated with recognizing, searching for, capturing, and consuming food.

Nomads

people who wander from place to place (No permanent home)

Specialization

A focus on a particular activity or area of study

Craftsmanship

- not made by machine, finely made by hand

- takes skills to make

Social Class

a group of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living