BEST 200 5.1 Biorefinery

5.1 5.2 4.4

platform chemicals

basic inputs to make products broken down by number of carbons

biorefinery definition (def a quiz question)

sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy, essential aspect is integration

three main components of a biorefinery

raw material/feedstock as the input, primary refining which is mechanical treatment and extraction, secondary refining which is taking an intermediate product and converting it into a useful product

petroleum refinery

separate materials from crude oil based on boiling point, low temp (large molar mass) is caught first

what happens when we heat biomass

burns

saccharification

depolymerization of monosaccharides into polysaccharides, first step is steep in dilute acid second step is depolymerize using an enzyme (____ase)

t/f: amylose cellulose and cellobiose are not fermentable but maltose is

true

fermentation

ferment glucose to ethanol using advanced yeast

thermal platform

pyrolysis yields platform chemicals and fuels (syngas/bio-oil)

what is done with poor quality lignin

burnt for energy

how polylactic acid (PLA for bioplastic) is refined

corn is grinded, starch is saccharified, glucose is fermented into lactic acid, lactic acid undergoes hydrolysis into PLA

example of a pretreatment

organosolv

three products of straw biorefining

lignin residuals for energy, ethanol, biogas

why use organosolv pretreatment

specialized pulp treatment for clean cellulose and high quality lignin (outperforms craft lignin)

what needs to be done before fermentation

saccharification

what is the process to go from bio-oil to bio-diesel

chemical/catalytic conversion

3 intermediates in biorefinong

sugar, syngas, bio-oil

4 products in biorefining

bioproducts, ethanol, drop is biofuels (gasoline diesel jet fuel), biodiesel

2 feedstocks in biorefining

cellulosic feedstocks, algae

3 C6 compound examples

benzene, toluene, xylene

3 C1 compound examples

methane, methanol, carbon monoxide

DDGS

distiller’s dried grain with soluble

which enzyme is commonly used to break down starch

amylase