BEST 200 5.1 Biorefinery

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platform chemicals

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23 Terms

1

platform chemicals

basic inputs to make products broken down by number of carbons

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2

biorefinery definition (def a quiz question)

sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy, essential aspect is integration

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3

three main components of a biorefinery

raw material/feedstock as the input, primary refining which is mechanical treatment and extraction, secondary refining which is taking an intermediate product and converting it into a useful product

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4

petroleum refinery

separate materials from crude oil based on boiling point, low temp (large molar mass) is caught first

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5

what happens when we heat biomass

burns

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6

saccharification

depolymerization of monosaccharides into polysaccharides, first step is steep in dilute acid second step is depolymerize using an enzyme (____ase)

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7

t/f: amylose cellulose and cellobiose are not fermentable but maltose is

true

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8

fermentation

ferment glucose to ethanol using advanced yeast

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9

thermal platform

pyrolysis yields platform chemicals and fuels (syngas/bio-oil)

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10

what is done with poor quality lignin

burnt for energy

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11

how polylactic acid (PLA for bioplastic) is refined

corn is grinded, starch is saccharified, glucose is fermented into lactic acid, lactic acid undergoes hydrolysis into PLA

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12

example of a pretreatment

organosolv

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13

three products of straw biorefining

lignin residuals for energy, ethanol, biogas

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14

why use organosolv pretreatment

specialized pulp treatment for clean cellulose and high quality lignin (outperforms craft lignin)

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15

what needs to be done before fermentation

saccharification

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16

what is the process to go from bio-oil to bio-diesel

chemical/catalytic conversion

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17

3 intermediates in biorefinong

sugar, syngas, bio-oil

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18

4 products in biorefining

bioproducts, ethanol, drop is biofuels (gasoline diesel jet fuel), biodiesel

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19

2 feedstocks in biorefining

cellulosic feedstocks, algae

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20

3 C6 compound examples

benzene, toluene, xylene

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21

3 C1 compound examples

methane, methanol, carbon monoxide

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22

DDGS

distiller’s dried grain with soluble

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23

which enzyme is commonly used to break down starch

amylase

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