Chem Chapter 4

Quantum Energy

The amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another

When a shell is full, electrons must go to a ___ ___

new shell

Principle quantum # indicates ___

n, shell #

Each shell can hold ___ electrons

2n^2

___ atoms transfer valence electrons to ___ atoms when they form ___

metal, nonmental, compounds

When electrons are removed or added from an atom, the rest of the atom stays the ___

same

Cations are ___ charged ( ___ electrons ) - usually formed from ___ atoms

positively, lose, metal

Anions are ___ charged (___ electrons) - usually formed from ___ atoms

negatively, gain, non-metal

Ions have electron arrangements resembling those of the ___ ___

noble gas

Noble gases are ___ and ___

inert, stable

Cations - ___ than neutral version of same atom

smaller

Anions - ___ than neutral version of same atom

larger

There are ___ electrons for the same # of protons, so the force of attraction is ___ (cation)

fewer, greater

There are ___ electrons for the same # of protons (anion)

more

Ionic bonds - ___ (exchange) electrons, formed between a ___ and ___

transfer, metal, nonmetal

Ionic compounds referred to as ___

salts

Metallic bonds formed between __ and ___

metal and metal

Covalent Bonds - atoms ___ electrons, formed between ___ and ___, form a ___

share, nonmetal, nonmetal, molecule

Molecular covalent - electrons shared ___
Ex. ___

unevenly, water

Network Covalent - electrons shared ___
Ex. ___

evenly, diamond

Ionic bonds can form a ___ ___

crystal lattice

Every time a ___ and ___ bond, they form a compound with an overall ___ change. This is known as ___ ___ ___ ___

metal, nonmetal, zero, rule of zero change

Electron shells are further divided into electron ___

Subshells

subshells are represented by

s, p, f, d

Subshells show electron cloud ___

Shape

Aufbau Principle

Electrons fill Subshells of lowest available energy, then fill subshells of higher energy

1s^2

1 - energy she'll
s - subshell
^2 - # of electrons in subshell

For ions, always write the ___ version of configuration

long

The Magnetic Quantum Number (ml) describes the orbital ___ in space

orientation

The spin quantum number describes the ___ for a given electron

spin

An electron can have ___ spins. ___ and ___

2, +1/2, -1/2

Hund's. Rule

When fulling orbitals, each orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any orbital is doubly occupied

s subshell can contain ___ electrons, therefore ___ orbital

2, 1

p subshell can contain ___ electrons, therefore ___ orbital

6, 3

d subshell can contain ___ electrons, therefore ___ orbital

10, 5

f subshell can contain ___ electrons, therefore ___ orbital

14, 7

wavelength

λ

frequency

v

c

speed of light: 2.998 * 10^8 m/s

Wavelength, frequency, c

c = λv

1 nm = 1 * 10^_ m

-9

E

energy

h

Planck's Constant (6.626 * 10^-34 J * s)

energy, h, frequency

E = hv

energy, h, c, wavelength

E = hc/λ