gram negative rods - bacteriology 2 exam

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58 Terms

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genus of gram negative rods

escherichia, salmonella, shigella, legionella, yersinia, pseudomonas

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genus of escherichia

e. coli

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epidemiology of escherichia

normal flora of humans and animals, opportunistic infection, can acquire additional genes

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enterotoxigenic (ETEC) mechanism

heat stable and heat liable exotoxins

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enteropathogenic (EPEC) mechanism

plasmid encoded virulence factor that results in microvilli damage

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enteroaggregative (EAEC) mechanism

plasmid encoded virulence factor that results in e.coli aggregates, microvilli damage

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enteroinvasive (EIEC) mechanism

plasmid encoded virulence factors that result in epithelial cell invasion

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shiga toxin producing (STEC/EHEC) mechanism

EPEC + shiga-toxin

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disease of enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

traveler’s diarrhea

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disease of enteropathogenic (EPEC)

malabsorption and diarrhea

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disease of enteroaggregative (EAEC)

malabsorption, diarrhea, hemorrhaging

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disease of enteroinvasive (EIEC)

malabsorption, diarrhea, hemorrhaging

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disease of shiga-producing toxin (STEC/EHEC)

malabsorption, diarrhea, hemorrhaging (O157 H7)

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infection in small intestine

enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC)

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infection in large intestion

enteroinvasive (EIEC), shiga toxin producing (STEC/EHEC)

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other sites of contamination

uti, neonatal meningitis

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transmission of escherichia

fecal-oral

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treatment of escherichia

mild cases - self limiting, severe cases - antibiotics

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prevention of escherichia

good hygiene, cook food properly

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genus of salmonella

enterica, typhi

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epidemiology of enterica

contaminated food, no disease in other animal hosts

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transmission of enterica

fecal-oral

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epidemiology of typhi

restricted to humans, asymptomatic carriers

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transmission of typhi

fecal-oral

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virulence factors of enterica

replicate in endocytic vesicle, no fusion of lysosome

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virulence factors of typhi

replicate in endocytic vesicle, no fusion of lysosome, replication macrophages

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disease of enterica

nausea, vomiting, nonbloody diarrhea

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disease of typhi

nausea, vomiting, nonbloody diarrhea, typhoid fever, septicemia

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treatment of salmonella

self-limiting in GI, antibiotics in severe cases

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prevention of salmonella

cook food properly, hygiene, vaccination against typhi

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genus of shigella

dysenteriae

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epidemiology of shigella

restricted to humans

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transmission of shigella

fecal-oral

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virulence factors of shigella

induce phagocytosis, shoot themselves into neighboring cells, exotoxin

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disease of shigella

diarrhea, bloody stools, abdominal cramps

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treatment of shigella

usually self-limiting

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prevention of shigella

good hygiene

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genus of legionella

pneumophila

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epidemiology of legionella

obligate aerobe, associated with contaminated water

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disease of legionella

respiratory infection, mild infection - pontiac fever, severe infection - legionnaires disease

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virulence factors of legionella

grows in ameba and alveolar macrophages, lps mediated damage, resistant to typical intracellular defense and cleaning agents

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transmission of legionella

contaminated water

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treatment of legionella

antibiotics

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prevention of legionella

resistant to cleaning agents like bleach, filters

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genus of yersinia

pestis (bubonic plague)

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epidemiology of yersinia

natural host are rats (asyptomatic), zoonotic infection with humans dead end host

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disease of yersinia

rapid onset, bacteremia, pneumonia

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virulence factors of yersinia

resistant to phagocytic killing, cytotoxin disrupts actin filament and cytokine production, plasmid encoded

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transmission of yersinia

fleas, person to person

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treatment of yersinia

antibiotics- has to be caught early due to rapid progession

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prevention of yersinia

rodent/flea control

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genus of pseudomonas

aeruginosa

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epidemiology of pseudomonas

moist environments, minimal growth requirements

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virulence factors of pseudomonas

biofilms, capsule, adhesions, exotoxin, pigments, enzymes

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disease of pseudomonas

bronchial infections, uti, corneal ulcers, bacteremia, more likely in CF, immunocompromised, with burns

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transmission of pseudomonas

fomites

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treatment of pseudomonas

antibiotics (resistance)

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prevention of pseudomonas

sterilizing equipment