PHS

Leonardo da Vinci

studied anatomy

William Harvey

studied physiology (circulation)

Gabriele Fallopius

discovered fallopian tubes

Bartolommeo Eustachio

discovered the Eustachian tube in ears

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

invented microscope giving ability to see microbes

Rene Laennec

invented stethoscope

Joseph Priestley

discovered oxygen and its role in respiration

Benjamin Franklin

invented bifocals, and colds are spread person to person

Edward Jenner found that exposure to cowpox protects against Smallpox.

Sigmund Freud

discovered unconscious and conscious mind

Sir Alexander Fleming

discovered penicillin kills bacteria

Francis Crick

discovered DNA, 1962 won Nobel Prize in Medicine

Christian Barnard

did 1st heart transplant

Ben Carson

con’t to practice

Ignaz Semmelweis

discovered handwashing prevents infection

Louis Pasteur

Father of Microbiology, discovered microorganisms were EVERYWHERE, discovered heating milk prevented bacterial growth, hence the term pasteurization. Created the vaccine for rabies

Joseph Lister

used carbolic acid to kill germs, 1st dr to use antiseptic in surgery

Ernst von Bergmann

developed asepsis, learned from Lister and Pasteur

Robert Koch

identified multiple microbes, including TB

Wilhelm Roentgen

discovered x

Paul Ehrlich

discovery of chemicals to treat disease, specifically syphilis

Jonas Salk

discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis which paralyzed thousands; developed a vaccine to prevent polio.

Albert Sabin

in contrast to Salk’s virus, used a live polio virus vaccine.

Elizabeth Blackwell

the first female medical doctor, graduating in 1849

Clara Barton

Established the American Red Cross in 1881

Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing

Gerhard Domagk

discovered sulfonamide compounds (first antibiotics)