Extracellular Matrix and Intracellular Junctions in Cells

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the Extracellular Matrix and the various types of intracellular junctions in animal and plant cells.

What is the primary component of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the ECM.

What role do protein receptors on the plasma membrane play in cell communication?

They facilitate communication between cells, triggering intracellular signals that affect DNA transcription and protein production.

What happens when a molecule in the ECM binds to a receptor?

It changes the receptor's molecular structure, inducing signals within the cell that affect transcription and protein production.

What is one example of the ECM's function in blood clotting?

Damaged blood vessel cells display tissue factor, initiating clotting and muscle contraction.

What are plasmodesmata?

Channels that connect adjacent plant cells' cytoplasm through cell walls, enabling transport of materials.

What is the function of tight junctions in animal cells?

They create watertight seals between adjacent cells to prevent leakage of materials.

What proteins are primarily involved in forming tight junctions?

Claudins and occludins.

What are desmosomes and their role in cells?

Desmosomes are spot welds between cells that provide structural integrity in tissues that stretch.

What are gap junctions and their function?

Channels that allow for the transport of ions, nutrients, and signals between adjacent animal cells.

What is the structure of connexons in gap junctions?

Connexons are protein-lined channels formed by a set of 6 proteins (connexins) arranged in a donut-like configuration.

How do gap junctions contribute to cardiac muscle function?

They allow the electrical signal for muscle contraction to pass efficiently, enabling synchronized contraction.