chapter 17 study guide

Lincoln's Plan

Wanted to reunite the nation. Any southern state with at least 10% of its voters making a pledge to be loyal to the U.S. could be readmitted to the Union. Southern states had to accept slavery.

problems with peace

Andrew Johnson takes over for office. He gets pardoned by Confederate leaders. freedom for blacks were uneven in Conferderacy.

Freedman’s Bureau 1865

Congress Created this, freedman were former slaves who were unskilled uneducated and w/o money. Led by Oliver Howard. “Welfare Agency” -provided clothes, food, medical care and education. Main accomplishment was teaching blacks to read

Black codes

plantation owners need labor force so they created this thing called sharecropping where plantation owners rented out pieces of their land to blacks. Grew tobacco and cotton. Gave half half their harvest / money to the farmer for rent. sharecropper paid sum of rented supplies and equipment and any left over income was kept by the sharecropper, normally none left.

Conflict Between Johnson and Congress

vetoed Freedmen’s Bureau bill. 14th amendment- passed by congress in 1866. Republican states agreed that southern states could not join the union w/o ratifying 14th amendment.

Reconstruction act

divied south into 5 military districts- commaned by union generals. 15th amendment- was passed by congress. This created voter intimidation / corruption was used to keep blacks from voting.

Poll taxes

pay to vote(blacks)

Literacy test

you can vote if you pass this test that make sure that you know how to read and do math

Ku Klux Klan

Black people started to take postions in the government. The klan was founded in TN, 1865, by white southerners who mad at the success. Did awful things and murders

40 Acres and a Mule

During reconstruction, ex-slaves were promised 40 acres of land and a mule.

15th Amendment

Guaranteed voting rights to African-American men but was undermined by poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses.

Johnson’s Impeachment

required president to get approval of Congress before he removes cabinet members. He fires Secretary of war Edwin Stanton. He agreed that the Tenure of office act was unconstitutional

Seward’s Folly

State william signed a treaty w/ Russia that transferred Alaska to the United states fo 7.2 million.

Scalawags

Southerners who supported Reconstruction and the Republican party

carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction. Known for corruption

Hayes- Tilden standoff 1876

Republican candidate: Rutherford B Hayes vs Democratic candidate: Samuel Tilden. Tilden won the populer vote but was a vote shy of winning electoral college. No winner in three states.

compromise of 1877

set up an electoral commission of 15 men from senate, House, and supreme court. determine which party wins. 8 republican / 7 democrats. Republican Hayes wins election. Democrats were mad, but agree to let Hays to take office if they withdrew troops from the south, this ended reconstruction.

effects for ending reconstruction

jim crow laws: state level legal codes of segregation were in action. Plessy v Ferguson (supreme court case): Blacks were required to use separate public facilities than whites.

14th amendment

granted black men to vote