APUSH UNIT 3

French and Indian War

British colonists worried about French encroachment on their soil, and likewise

Albany Plan of Union

Ben Franklin’s proposed idea for a more centralized plan of government in the colonies for coordinated effort of defense

Royal Proclamation of 1763

forbade colonists from taking land West of Appalachian Mountains after the war

Quartering Act of 1765

imperial troops remained in the colonies to enforce laws and colonists were responsible for housing/feeding them

Sugar Act

taxed coffee, wine, and molasses

Stamp Act

tax on all paper items

Taxation without representation

colonists sentiment that the imposed taxes were unfair because they had no representation in the law-making body of parliament

Virtual Representation

parliament’s counterargument that colonists were represented in parliament because parliament officials represented different classes of British citizens

Stamp Act Congress

petition to parliament to repeal Stamp Act because taxation without representation was tyranny (parliament did repeal the Stamp Act)

Declaratory Act

parliament could pass any law in the colonies they wanted to

Townshend Acts

1767, new taxes on imports to the colonies which made smuggling items more difficult

Boston Massacre

colonists harassing troops, shots went off leaving 11 colonists injured and 4 dead

Boston Tea Party

response to the Tea Act, colonists dressed as natives and dumped 45 tons of tea into the Boston harbor

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

closed down Boston harbor until damaged tea had been payed for, reinforcement of Quartering Acts

1st Continental Congress

1774, colonies convened to discuss the need to resist violation of liberty while staying British subjects

2nd Continental Congress

1776, independence was only way for the nation to thrive

Common Sense

Thomas Paine argued and convinced many commoners of the need to become independent

Declaration of Independence

signed July 4, 1776, Thomas Jefferson wrote and included many sentiments of The Enlightenment

Battle of Saratoga

1777, Patriot victory that convinced the French to ally with America

Battle of Yorktown

British lacked the resources to continue the war, surrendered in 1781

Articles of Confederation

borrowed from state legislation, ratified in 1781 and became first U.S. government Constitution. All power in federal government was given to the legislative and the federal government could not impose taxes

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

congress regulated Western territory which proved a plan for unoccupied territory and abolished slavery in West

Shay’s Rebellion

Daniel Shay led a group of poor farmers militia who fought in the war and acquired unpayable debt, quickly crushed but proved weakness of Articles

Constitutional Convention

1787, planned to revise Articles, but actually created a new constitution

Federalists

wanted stronger central government

Anti-Federalists

in favor of limited federal power

Virginia Plan

representation by population favored the bigger states

New Jersey Plan

equal representation no matter population size favored smaller states

The Great Compromise

created a Bicameral Conress= House of Reps. population based & Senate every state had 2 votes

3/5 Compromise

3/5 population of enslaved people in a Southern State was counted toward the state’s population

Republican Motherhood

women could influence politics by raising virtuous, patriotic sons

Elastic Clause

congress can make any law which is necessary and proper to carry out responsibilities, applied to National Bank

Whiskey Rebellion

tax on whiskey angered farmers who attacked tax collectors, this time President could send in militias because of ratified Constitution

Democratic-Republicans

thought Hamilton’s plans were federal overreach

XYZ Affair

Adams sent US delegates to meet with French delegates to work out agreement that protected US ships, instead the delegates demanded a bribe to even discuss

Alien & Sedition Acts

made it easy to deport non-citizens (Irish/Scottish) and you could not publicly criticize the government

Virginia and Kentucky Resolution

Dem-Repubs said any law passed by federal government that was unconstitutional could be nullified by the states

Indian Trade and Intercourse Act

regulated settler and natives interactions/dealings but settlers who kept moving west ignored this act, aggravating native and British relations

Pinckney Treaty

deemed the 31st parallel as the border between US and Spain