Chapter 5: Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Reactions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to solutions and aqueous reactions as presented in the lecture notes.

Molecular Gastronomy

A method of cooking that incorporates scientific techniques and chemical reactions.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

Solvent

The majority component of a solution, usually a liquid in which other substances are dissolved.

Solute

The minority component of a solution that is dissolved in the solvent.

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Dilute Solution

A solution that contains a small amount of solute relative to the solvent.

Concentrated Solution

A solution that has a large amount of solute relative to the solvent.

Precipitation Reaction

A chemical reaction where two solutions are mixed, resulting in the formation of an insoluble solid called a precipitate.

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to produce an electrically conducting solution containing ions.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water but does not produce ions, thus it does not conduct electricity.

Strong Electrolyte

A substance that completely dissociates into ions in solution.

Weak Electrolyte

A substance that partially dissociates into ions in solution.

Acid-Base Reaction

A reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce water and often a salt.

Gas-Evolution Reaction

A reaction that produces a gas as one of its products.

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between substances, altering their oxidation state.

Spectator Ion

An ion that does not participate in a chemical reaction and remains unchanged on both sides of the equation.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the species that actually changes during the reaction by removing the spectator ions.

Solubility Rules

Guidelines used to predict whether a particular ionic compound will dissolve in water.

Precipitate

A solid that forms in a solution during a chemical reaction.

Titration

A laboratory method for determining the concentration of a solute in a solution by reacting it with a standard solution.

Indicator

A substance that changes color at a specific pH level, used in titrations to signify the endpoint.