CDS 460 Midterm Exam 1

Communication

an exchange of meaning between a sender and receiver

Examples: to request, to reject, to comment

Speech

Respiration, phonation, articulation

Language

a standardized set of symbols and the knowledge of how to use these symbols

Spoken Language

Combination of language and speech aspects

Speech is produced:

Breath stream (respiration) → Articulation→Fluency→ Voice (phonation)

Intentional language:

A person expresses language with intent, conveying a message

Communicative language:

Language must transmit information between parties

Rule-governed language:

Language has agreed-upon rules, some things work in some languages but not in others

Symbolic Language:

language is comprised of sound, letters, symbols that have meaning

Productive/creative language:

language builds upon itself, can be changed for different purposes

Multi-modal language:

language is expressed in different forms (writing/speaking)

Cultural

Language is different depending on the culture in which it was created

Dynamic

Language changes over time with new words, structures

Form, Content, Use

Three-domain system used to represent and organize the major dimensions of language.

Form:

how words/ sentences are organized, grammar

• syntax, morphology, phonology, suprasegmentals

Content:

The meaning of language, the words we use, and the meaning behind them

• Semantics

Use:

The social contexts in which we use language

• Pragmatics

Children can have a disorder in one or all areas of form, content, use

true

Syntax

Sentence structure

Morphology

pattern of word formation, grammar

Phonology:

Combination/ pattern of speech sounds

Suprasegmentals

features such as loudness, rate, and intonation

• conveys emotional aspects of language

Semantics

The meaning or the interpretation of a word, sentence, or other language form

Pragmatics

Language in situation/social contexts

Metalinguistics

Using language to describe language

Communication breakdown

Formulation→ Transmission→ Reception→ Comprehension

All work together to properly communicate

Formation:

when words cannot be retrived/planned properly

Transmission

when motor planning interferes with speech production

Reception

Interference in what language is being heard/taken in

Comprehension

interference in what language is being understood

Etiology

the cause or origin of a problem

Congenital:

Disorder that is present at birth

• Example: down syndrome

Acquired:

disorders not present at birth

• Example: TBI