test for anions

carbonate CO₃^2-

test: add dilute acid

test result: effervescence

chloride Cl^-

test: acidify with dilute HNO₃, add aq silver nitrate

test result: white ppt.

bromide Br^-

test: acidify with dilute HNO₃, add aq silver nitrate

test result: cream ppt.

nitrate NO₃^-

test: add NaOH, then aluminium foil and then warm

test result: NH4 gas, red litmus paper blue

sulfate SO₄^2-

test: acidify, then add barium nitrate or chloride

test result: white ppt.