4: propagation of action potential

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21 Terms

1
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what distance does action potential cover

long distance

2
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how are the long distance signals transmitted

  1. input zone

  2. trigger zone

  3. conducting zone

  4. output zone

3
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what is the input zone

part where incoming signals from other neurons are received

4
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what is the trigger zone

part where action potential are initiated

5
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what is the conducting zone

part than conducts action potentials in undiminishing fashion, often over long distances

6
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what is the output zone

part that released a neurotransmitter that influences other cells

7
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what does the cell specific pathway

generate a graded potential

8
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where are na volted- gated channels found

in dendrites and the cell body and are thought to help relay signals in this region

9
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where is the action potential conducted

at the axon hillock

10
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what happened to the action potential will be conducted without further stimulation by what methods

  • contiguous conduction

  • saltatory conduction

11
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what is continuous conduction

propagation of the action potential along every patch of membrane down the length of the axon

12
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what happens when action potential is initiated in one part of a cell membrane

a self perpetuating cycle is initiated so that the action potential is propagated along the rest of the fibre automatically

13
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instead of travelling along a membrane what does the action potential do

it triggers an identical new action potential in the adjacent area of the membrane

14
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what is saltatory conduction

relevant to myelinated fibers

  • covered by myelin at regular intervals along the length of the axon

15
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what is myelin made up of

80% phospholipids +20 % proteins which makes it an insulator

16
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where is the only location where current flow can generate

the axonal membrane is exposed to ECF

17
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what kind of distance is between two nodes of ranvier

it is short enough so local current can take place between an active node and the adjacent one

  • the electrical impulse jumps from node to node = saltatory conduction

  • rapid conduction compared to unmyelinated fibres (50 times faster for fibres of smaller diameter

18
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what is magnitude

the amount of charges that are in movement

19
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what does magnitude depend on

the difference in potential between the two elkecttrically charged adjacent areas and on the resistance to electrical charge movment between the two regions

20
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what is the relation between the diameter and velocity

the larger the diameter of the fibre the higher the velocity

21
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multiple sclerosis

loss of myelin- slows or blocks the propagation of action potentials → poor coordination, lack of sensation partial paralysis