ENG Exam 6.7-6.14

Buoyancy

Upward force a floating/submerged object experiences

equal to the weight of water

Displacement

Weight of water displaced by the ship = actual weight of the ship (measured in tons).

Draft

vertical distance from the bottom of the ship (keel) to the waterline

How deep the ship sits in the water

Mean Draft:

The average of the forward and aft draft measurements.

Navigational Draft:

The deepest part of the ship, including things that stick out below the hull (like sonar domes, propellers, or rudders).

Used for safe clearance in shallow water.

Trim

Permanent difference between forward and aft draft

Roll

Temporary inclination port or starboard due to wind or waves

Pitch

Temporary moving of bow or stern up or down due to wave action

List

Permanent Inclination to port or starboard

due to off-center weight distribution

Heel

Temporary inclination port or starboard due to turning

Sagging

Middle of ship sinks lower than bow/stern (compression at deck, tension at keel).

Hogging

Middle of ship rises above bow/stern (compression at keel, tension at deck).

Define COB and how it moves

Fallows waterline

It is the center of the underwater hull volume when viewed in transverse direction

It’s the point at which all buoyant forces can be considered to be acting in a vertical direction

Waterline moves up, so does the buoyancy moves up

Define COG and how it moves

Point where all ship's weight acts

Moves towards weight addition, and away from weight removed

GM (Metacentric Height)

Distance between Center of Gravity and Metacenter

• Indicates stability:

  • Large GM = quick roll

  • Small GM = slow roll

Stability is reduced when: Fluid conditions

COG is high and off center

Free Surface

Free communication

Free Surface Effect

happens when a liquid (like fuel, water, or ballast) in a partially filled tank or compartment is free to move around like sloshing from side to side when the ship rolls or tilts.

When that liquid moves, it shifts the center of gravity, making the ship less stable. When gravity moves up the GM (metacentric height) becomes smaller.

Smaller GM means: It becomes easier to roll more or capsize.

wider the tanks worse the effect

Free Communication Effect

Occurs when:

• Space is open to sea

• partially flooded(not full)

• Space is off-centerline

Water freely enters/leaves this shifts COG and virtual rise of COG this is bad for stability because center of gravity shifts unpredictably lowering and upping the GM

Compartmentalizing Benefits (using baffles)

Reduce Free surface Effect

Isolates Casualty

Maintains watertight integrity

Provides damage control zones

Material Conditions of Readiness (Fittings Classification)

X-RAY:

Least protection, inport, normal working hours, no threat

YOKE:

At sea/after hours

ZEBRA:

During General Quarters, fire, flooding, or battle

MODIFIED ZEBRA/YOKE:

Used in calm but cautious conditions.

CIRCLE X/Y/Z:

These allow some doors/fittings to be opened without special permission, even during higher conditions, but must be closed immediately after use.

DOG ZEBRA:

Used for darken ship

WILLIAM:

Sea suctions/ventilation (normally open for ship operation)

CIRCLE WILLIAM:

Closed during CBR (chemical/biological/radiation) attacks to protect air quality

Who is responsible for CCOL(Compartment Check-Off List)

Divo

posted at the entrances

Provide an itemized list and location of all DC fittings and the personnel responsible for the setting of material conditions of readiness

Temporary hull conditions/ Persistent hull conditions Chart

Compartment Numbers Label

1st number: Deck #

2nd number: Forward most aft

3rd number: Position relative to waterline

Last Letter: Compartment use

FR202: forward most frame

210: After most frame

S-5 S is division responsibility

5 is work center responsibility

3 Main Material Conditions of Readiness

X-RAY: in homeport

YOKE: import

ZEBRA: during battle, emergencies or General quarters

2 center gravity conditions

high

off center

Installed CO2

Charlie fire

found in paint lockers, flammable liquid rooms, electrical/machinery spaces

Fills the room with CO2 which removes oxygen so fire goes out

Halon 1301

Bravo fire (flammable liquids)

Found in engine rooms, generator spaces, boiler room, flammable storage areas

Chemically interrupts the fire reaction

Ventilation shut off automatically

60 sec delay if manned

30 sec if unmanned

Must wear SCBA

produces toxic gas like Cyanide

AFFF

Bravo fire

Found in Machinery rooms, fuel storage, Bottom of engine spaces

foam and sea water mixed to smoothe the fire

May produce Hydrogen sulfide gas

Hearing protection is required

Battle Dress

• FRV Coveralls (flame-resistant)

• Pant cuffs tucked into boots or socks

• Life preserver worn or at station

• Flash hood and flash gloves (protect skin from burns)

• No metal, empty pockets

• Everything buttoned up

Firefighter’s Ensemble (FFE)

Helmet – protects head from heat and falling stuff

Outer suit – flame- and steam-resistant

Gloves and boots – for burns and sharp debris

Flash hood – covers neck and face (gold = firefighting)

Protects from heat, steam, sharp objects, and more while actively fighting a fire

SCBA

It lets you breathe clean air in toxic or smoke-filled spaces.

• Air tank (30 or 45 minutes of air)

• Face mask with voice amp

• Pressure regulator and harness

4500 PSI

EEBD

Your last-resort air supply for getting out of smoke or toxic areas — NOT for fighting fires.

10 minutes of air

Orange case, activates when you pull it out

Has mouthpiece and nose clip

Disposable – one-time use only

EEBA Allowances

Ship’s Complement 150%

Embarked Personnel 100%

Berthing Spaces 100%
            (one EEBD per rack)

Engineering Spaces 200%

Two way to tell EEBD is ready for use

Gauge (green in color)

Orange

Not be expired

Electronic Box Fan

powered by electricity

Ventilating compartments during maintenance, cleaning, or cooling efforts.

Moves 3200 cubic feet of air /min

RAM 2000 Fan

powered by water

Provides ventilation in smoke-filled or confined spaces.

Moves 2000 cubic feet of air /min

Toxic

Atmosphere with harmful substances where exposure must stay below OSHA standards. Respirators required if above limits.

PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit):

Maximum amount of a substance personnel can be exposed to toxic gas without harm, set by OSHA.

LEL (Lower Explosive Limit)

Lowest concentration of a flammable gas that can ignite.

UEL( Upper Explosive Level)

Highest concentration of flammable gas that can ignite. Above this is too rich to burn.

IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health): Any space where:

Flammable agents present above 10% of LEL

Oxygen greater then 22%

Oxygen less than 19.5%

Toxins high enough to prevent escape within 30 minutes without health effects

4 requirements of Fire Watch:

All sides of the hot work area must be watched

1. 30-40-50 Rule

   • Stay on watch 30 min after work or until cool to the touch.

   • No hot work within 40 feet of painting/chemical cleaning.

   • Move flammables 50 feet from the work site.

     Wear PPE (goggles, helmet, hearing protection, respirator if needed).

4 primary forms of radiation

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

neutron

Radiation Treatment

Time

Distance

Shielding

PPE

Gloves and Boot Covers

worn with JSLIST to protect hands and feel, used during MOPP 4 level

M50

Eye and respiratory protection against airborne contaminants

JSLIST

protective suit against CBRN threats (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear).

Hot Work

Class II Hot Work:

• Minimal amount of energy

• Localized sparks

• Damage Control Assistant (DCA) or Fire Marshal determines if fire watch is required

Class I Hot Work:

• High amount of energy

• Scattered sparks

• Fire watch is required

MOPP Levels

0 Normal everyday operations

1 suspected CBR-N attack

2 possible CBR-N attack

3 probable CBR-N attack

4 imminent CBR-N attack

4 casualty power benefits

Preservation of watertight integrity

Simplicity of installation and operation

Flexibility of application

Interchangeability of parts and equipment

what are 4 loads you could power with casualty power

weapon system like CWIS

External Communications

DC Equipment

Lighting systems

Engineering Systems

Advantage of using bulkhead terminal and riser terminal

are used in shipboard electrical and piping systems to route cables or pipes through watertight bulkheads or decks without compromising the integrity of the compartment.

1. maintain watertight integrity of the ship

2. Quick Disconnection/Isolation

3. Safety & Compartmentalization

4. Minimizes Damage Propagation

casualty power loads connect all horizontal cable _____ to _______

LOAD to SOURCE

casualty power load

Refers to critical electrical equipment that must remain operational during an emergency (e.g., battle damage, power loss).

External Communications

Fire Pump Motor Controllers

CIWS / NSSM / RAM Systems

Interior Comm Switchboards

Lighting System Transformers