quiz 3 ch 4

democracy

power or rule from the people

autocracy

undivided rule by one

monarchy

lifetime rule (or until abdication) by a single designated sovereign

Thomas Hobbes

author of Leviathan, godfather of the Enlightenment; “govts are formed by people”; historical narratives explaining why things are the way they are

the Enlightenment

18th-century Western philosophy; people asking the big questions; “why authority?”

John Locke

2nd gen of Enlightenment; “only legit govt is when the people consent”

contract theory

fiduciary contract between the govt and people; we are born w/ freedom of revolution

(coined by Locke)

liberalism

the right of people to limit their govt

Monesquieu, Franklin, Jefferson, Madison

democracy

people participate in their govt; way of expressing consent to govt

what does democracy produce

majoritarian tyranny

demagogue

person who gains political power by preying on people’s emotions

demagogue techniques

nationalism, creating enemies, scapegoats, systematic lying, incitement of violenceS

Socrates

ideals of justice = things democracy can’t touch
→ Jefferson: “inalienable rights”

institutional checks/firewalls

protects govt/people

1619: VA House of Burgesses

first democracy in the US

fell apart after French-Indian War aka. Seven Years War

negative liberties

idea of liberty that places specific limits on government infringement

republicanism

policy-making/government by chosen representatives

capitalism

economic system w/ commonly accepted means of exchange/currency

socialism

production should be owned by labor/public

Marxism

capitalism is irredeemable; proletariat will inevitably revolt

communism

enforce collectivism, work for greater good

egalitarianism

all people are equally deserving of rights and opportunity

facism

20th century invention (Mussolini); takes away people’s rights; authoritarianism/dictatorship

supported by a capitalist/corporate oligarchyol

oligarchy

created by capitalism; ruled by a few oligarchs

plutocracy

ruled by wealthy/economic elites

social democracy

20th century; incorporates socialist ideals into a capitalist system in a democratic framework

protofascist

politicians/groups trending toward facism

illiberal

actions that violate governmental legitimacy or fundamental rights

Two Treatises - Locke

went out of print after ratification of the Constitution