cell division

interphase

1. gap phase 1 (G1)

2. Synthesis phase (S)

3. gap phase 2 (G2)

G1

cell grows in preperation for cell division and checks for favorable conditions- if favorable cell proceeds to S phase

G0: cell still carries out functions, but does not prepare for cell division

S phase

cell replicates its genome and centrosomes

genome

DNA in the cell

G2

organelles replicated and DNA assesed for errors, checks mitosis promoting factor (MPF) AKA maturation promoting factor levels, a sufficient amount is needed to proceed to the M phase

M phase

stage where karyokinesis + cytokinesis occur

types of karyokinesis in eukaryoties

mitosis and meiosis

microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs)

present in eukaryotes to organize the microtubules that facilitate karyokinesis

centrosome

MTOC in animal cells, replicate during S phase so each daughter cell gets one microtubule made of tubulin

spindle apparatus

guides centrosome during karyokinesis

pericentriolar material

surrounds centrioles, responsible for microtubule nucleation

types of microtubules

polar, astral, kintochore

polar

connect centrosomes and push them to opposite sides of the cell

astral

attach to cell membrane and orient centrosome

kinetochore

attach to kinetochore on chromosome