Chapter 9 - Nucleophilic Substitution and b-Elimination

Dimethyl sulfoxide

________ (DMSO), a polar aprotic dissolvable, is an especially decent dissolvable in which to do nucleophile- helped replacement responses on account of its great capacity to solvate cations (for this situation, Na1) and its poor capacity to solvate anions (for this situation, CN2)

negative charge

The ________ on the fluoride particle, the littlest of the halide particles, is packed in a little volume, and the firmly held dissolvable shell framed by a polar protic dissolvable comprises a hindrance between fluoride particle and substrate.

decent ionizing

The combination of methanol and water is a polar protic dissolvable and a(n) ________ dissolvable in which to shape carbocations.

nucleophilic replacement

The negative charge on the iodide particle, the biggest and generally polarizable of the halide particles, is undeniably less thought, the dissolvable shell is less firmly held, and iodide is extensively more liberated to take part in ________ responses.

poor nucleophiles

Both water and methanol are ________.