The Heart A&P- Exam 1

What does a ECG show you?

HR, heart rhythm, and overall heart health

How are athletes hearts different and what does it mean?

larger hearts, so a higher cardiac output

Blunt force traumas

causes fibrillation in the hearts rhythm

training adaptations to the heart

increased wall thickness and size, enhanced diastolic filling, and greater capillary density

Every second the heart pumps, how much blood?

1.5 gallons of blood

*What is the pericardial sac?

outer seath covering heart, provides protection + lubrication against the chest cavity

*What is pericarditis?

inflamed/infection of peridcardium

*What is a pericardiocentesis?

procedure where a needle removes excess fluid from the pericardium

what is cardiac tamponade?

heart doesnt have enough room to contract

What is the epicardium?

outer most layer, serves as a lubricant, more fibrous than the pericardium

What is the myocardium?

Middle layer, consists of muscle tissue

What is the endocardium?

innermost layer, protective inner lining, has elastic and collagenous fibers

What are myocytes?

basic contractile cells of the heart

What are intercalated discs?

Communication passageway, anchoring point from one cell to the next

What are mitochondria?

powerhouse of the cell, aerobic, highly oxidative.

*What is syncytium?

allows rapid coordinated contraction of muscle along their entire length

*What are connexons?

Tubes that allow charged ions to flow

*What is a desmosome?

Anchoring points that hold together the individual myocytes.

*What are t-tubules?

calcium i. Calcium induced, calcium release.

valves prevent what from occuring?

regurgitation

what is regurgitation?

blood leaking back instead of out

Diseased valves are normaly ___ or ____

leaky, stiff

What are the AV valves?

mitral and tricuspid

What are the semilunar valves?

aortic and pulmonary

What are the chordae tendineae?

“strings”, papillary muscle pulls on these to keep the valves tight during contraction

What happens during systole?

moving blood out of the heart

What happens during diastole?

Filling blood into the heart

*The _ ventricle pumps 7x the pressure compared to the right side. Why?

left, because it covers more distance

*What is the skeleton of the heart?

electrical buffer zone, electrical insulation that prevents the top and bottom from contracting simutaneously. Forces electrical impulese form top to bottom to work through thr AV node, the ventricles fill with blood, a pause, than a contraction.

There is ___ intercoronary circulation. Whats the downfall?

NO, because blockages can cause bo blood flow to the rest of that entire artery.

What is a-vo2 difference?

high in coronary circulation results in an increase in oxygen deman and flow

HR x SV=

Q (cardiac output)

Distension is

the tretching og a vessel/chamber of the heart

What is elastic recoil?

distend, and stretch

Pressure drops fast. Is this a normal or abnormal response?

Normal

The cardiovascular system is a _____ system

closed

Blockages in one area of the heart can cause

an increase in BP

*The aorta is

highly elastic!!