Concepts for Health Promotion Exam 1

wellness-illness continuum

dichotomous depiction of health vs illness, wellness is positive state represented as positions above midpoint. Illness is incremental decreases below midpoint, fits well with clinical model of health. Useful when analyzing transition from wellness to illness.

health ecology

evolving view recognizing connection between people and physical social environment (SDOH). Health is multidimensional. Utilizes developmental framework (Newman 2003) and functional health patterns (Gordon 2020). Health incorporates context in which person functions.

disease

“without ease”; failure of adaptive mechanisms. Results in functional or structural disturbances, multiple points of intervention to improve health. Can have disease but not feel ill.

illness

subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease. Psychological, spiritual, and social component, example is headache. Can feel ill without having disease.

health

defined by WHO is a state of physical, mental, social well being, not merely absence of disease. Encompasses spiritual, developmental, environmental aspects of patient’s life.

Difference between Healthy People 2030 and past initiatives

community leaders and public have input for the first time

Five goals of Healthy People 2030

1. Attain healthy, thriving lives and well being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death.

2. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve health and well being of all.

3. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well being for all.

4. Promote healthy development, healthy behavior, and well being across all life stages.

5. Engage leadership, key constituents and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well being of all.

levels of prevention

primary, secondary, tertiary

primordial prevention

newest level, affecting health before at risk lifestyle behaviors are adopted. Example creating bike paths, reducing sodium in food supply, healthy eating school based programs

evidence-based practice

using research findings to make decisions, using current best evidence to answer clinical research questions. Conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual persons. Integrating individual clinical expertise with best available external clinical evidence from systematic research

shifting problems

environmental pollution, stress, lifestyle (obesity, substance abuse), increase in chronic conditions

population effects

increased diversity, changes in age distribution eg. increase in age 65+, health promotion approaches may need to adapt

nursing roles in health promotion and protection

advocate, care manager, consultant, deliverer of services, educator, healer, researcher

advocate

directly assists persons to obtain services needed

care manager

assists individuals to obtain care, coordinates care

consultant

specialize skills and knowledge

deliverer of services

provides direct care

educator

promotes patient literacy

healer

helps individuals integrate and balance

researcher

evidence based practice

the nurse’s role

emphasis shifting from acute, hospital based care to preventative community based care. Nurses must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence-based practice. Greater emphasis on promoting and maximizing health. Health in All Policies - collaborative attempt to consider social determinants of health. Refers to considering the health of communities when enacting any policy

Tertiary Prevention

focuses on restoration and rehabilitation, minimize long term sequela of disease. Restore function, prevent further injury and disease. Examples include ROM to maintain mobility after CVA, cardiac rehab after MI, turning every 2 hours

secondary prevention

focus on early detection, earlier treatment results in more favorable outcomes, limit disabilities from disease. Screening falls under secondary prevention for individuals and population. Ex pap smear

social nature of health promotion

individuals, families, and communities must be active

active nature of health promotion

individual adopts lifestyle changes

passive nature of health promotion

clean water and sanitary sewage

specific protection

inoculation, reducing exposure to carcinogens, occupational hazards

primary prevention

precedes disease/dysfunction, interventions = health protection. Ex. health promotion, vaccines are primary prevention interventions. Health promotion and specific protection

health protection

reducing threats to health

health promotion

encouraging lifestyle changes to move towards health

Healthy People 2030

current process of updating to 2030 is underway, goals and topics of previous decade are evaluated. Topics changed, added, removed

three levels of objectives for 2030

core, developmental, research

focus areas for healthy people 2020

42 total, guide for health care research, practice, education, policy, communications

leading health indicators for healthy people 2020

ex. access to health services, environmental quality, physical activity, obesity, tobacco use. emphasis on eliminating healthcare disparities.

4 goals of Healthy People 2020

1. attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, death

2. achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups

3. create social and physical environments promoting good health for all

4. promote quality of life, healthy development, healthy behaviors across all life stages

Healthy People 2000

Increase span of healthy life

Reduce health disparities

Create access to preventative services for all

Core focus: illness prevention is foundation for health

Healthy People 2010

increase quality and years of healthy life, eliminate health disparities

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