Chem/Bio External 1.3

Key words define

What is an gene

A specific section DNA that code for a unique protein

What is an allele

Allele is an alternative or variation of an gene. Allele have slightly different nucleotide base

sequences.

What is an chromosome

A long coiled thread like structure of DNA packaged with protein

What is a DNA

DNA is a double molecule shaped like a twisted ladder, known as a double helix. It contain a genetic instruction.

What is the relationship between gene, allele, chromosome, and DNA

The relationship between them is that gene is the section of a DNA found in a chromosome. Alleles are different version of an same gene. This means it can result in variation of the characteristic.

What is a phenotype

The physical characteristics or trails, determined by its genotype.

What is a Genotype

The particular combination of alleles presents by a specific gene ( BB , Bb, bb )

What is a mutation

Mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide

What is Test crossing

Genetic cross used to find out whether an organism showing a dominant characteristic is homozygous (AA) or heterozygous (Aa)

Genetic Variation

The difference in DNA base sequences and alleles between individual within the population.

What is Crossing over

Creating new unique alleles combination along chromosome

What is heritable

Is the variation in gene that can be passed down on the offspring

What is Non-heritable

Non-heritable come the environmental effect on the cell that can’t be passed down. This also means that the mutation for that variation must have occurred in the sex cell.