[GENETICS] TO2

Incomplete Dominance

What type of dominance occurs when the F1 offspring is intermediate between the two parents and neither allele is fully dominant?

Flower color

What is the example of incomplete dominance in Mirabilis jalapa?

brown

What coat color results from one parent with red allele and the other with white allele in rabbits?

tiger-striped

What coat pattern results from mating black and brown dogs?

Codominance

What type of dominance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the heterozygote?

blood type

What is the example of codominance in humans?

MN Blood Group System

What blood group system is under the control of an autosomal locus on chromosome 4?

Landsteiner and Levine

Who (2) classified people in 3 general types based on the agglutination characteristics of the RBCs

LM AND LN

What are the two alleles in the MN blood group system?

Glycoprotein

What is present on the surface of red blood cells in the MN blood group system? It behaves as a native antigen

Multiple Alleles

What occurs when more than two alleles exist for a gene?

Isoalleles

What are alleles that act within the same phenotypic range called?

Mutant isoalleles

What are isoalleles within the phenotypic range of an abnormal character?

Normal isoalleles

What are isoalleles within the phenotypic range of a wild type?

ABO Blood Groups

What blood group system is determined by 3 alleles of a single gene?

IA, IB, i

What are the three alleles that determine ABO blood groups?

A, B, AB, O

What are the four phenotypes in the ABO blood group system?

IA IA, IA i

What are the possible genotypes for Type A blood?

IB IB, IB i

What are the possible genotypes for Type B blood?

IA IB

What is the genotype for Type AB blood?

ii

What is the genotype for Type O blood?

Anti B

What antibodies are present in the serum of Type A blood?

Anti A

What antibodies are present in the serum of Type B blood?

None

What antibodies are present in the serum of Type AB blood?

Anti A and B

What antibodies are present in the serum of Type O blood?

A AND O

What blood types can Type A receive from?

B AND O

What blood types can Type B receive from?

A B AB O

What blood types can Type AB receive from?

O

What blood types can Type O receive from?

A AND AB

What blood types can Type A donate to?

B AND AB

What blood types can Type B donate to?

AB

What blood types can Type AB donate to?

A B AB O

What blood types can Type O donate to?

Bombay Phenotype

What rare blood type is characterized by the absence of A, B, and H antigens on red cells?

FUT1

What gene mutation causes the Bombay phenotype?

chromosome 19

What chromosome is the FUT1 gene located on?

Produces H antigen in rbcs

What is the function of the FUT1 gene?

india

What population has the Bombay phenotype occurring rarely?

Lethal Genes

What are genes that can cause death of an organism called?

Recessive Lethal

What type of lethal gene has no phenotypic effect in heterozygote but causes death in homozygous recessive?

Xeroderma pigmentosum

What is an example of a recessive lethal disease? xp

Tay-Sach's disease

What is another name for infantile amaurotic idiocy?

Cystic Fibrosis

What is an example of a recessive lethal disease? cf

Sickle Cell Anemia

What is an example of a recessive lethal disease? sca

Dominant Lethal

What type of lethal gene causes death when a dominant allele is present in homozygous or heterozygous condition?

Epiloia

What dominant lethal condition results in abnormal skin growths, mental defects, and multiple tumors?

Huntington's disease

What dominant lethal disease causes progressive degeneration of the CNS and death around age 40?

Conditional Lethals

What are lethal genes that cause death only under restrictive conditions? the will survive under permissive

Gene Linkage

What phenomenon occurs when genes are connected on the same chromosome and do not assort independently?

Bateson and Punnett

What researchers discovered gene linkage while working on sweet peas?

flower color and pollen shape

What two characteristics did Bateson and Punnett study in sweet peas?

Novel Phenotypes

What occurs when new phenotypes result from interaction between dominant genes and homozygous recessives? The is complete dominance in both gene pairs

Chicken combs

What is the example of novel phenotypes in poultry?

Epistasis

What occurs when one gene masks or hides the effect of another gene?

Recessive Epistasis

What type of epistasis occurs when a gene in homozygous recessive form masks the effect of another gene?

Dominant Epistasis

What type of epistasis occurs when a dominant allele masks the effect of another gene?

G X E

What is the equation for phenotype?

Genotype

This provides the messages and direction for phenotypic growth and behavior

phenotype

This is the result of the close-knit interaction among many factors at many levels of development

food (nutrition), temp, light, maternal relations

What are environmental effects that cause phenotypic changes correlated with observable changes outside the organism?

rate of chemical reactions

temperature is closely correlated to?

Maternal relations

What type of environmental effect involves blood group incompatibilities between mother and offspring?

Bioactive diet

__ components are nonessential biomolecules found in foods that can influence metabolic processes and promote health, they can also influence gene expression via diff. mechanisms, they play an impt. role in prevention and therapy of many diet-depending diseases (cancer, circulatory system, diseases, diabetes, obesity)

Internal environment

What are environmental effects that cause phenotypic changes correlated with changes within the organism?

Age, sex, substrates

Examples of internal environmental effects

Sex-limited traits

What traits appear in one sex but not the other?

a

read; reply a if okay na; age of onset of different genetic trains in humans

Sex-limited

Examples of these are genes that influence milk yield in humans and dairy cattle, they appear in one sex and not in the other.

Sex-influenced traits

What traits are more common in one sex than the other? examples are harelip, pattern baldness and gout more frequent in men than in women; spina bifida in women than in men naman

Substrates

What environmental factor affects gene expression based on synthesized substances?

diabetes mellitus

What is an example of a substrate-related condition?

a

familiarize! type a

familiarize! type a

Genetics

What is the scientific study of heredity and variation?

gen = to become or to grow into something

What Greek word does genetics come from?

william bateson

Who coined the term genetics in 1905?

Plant and animal improvement examples

What are examples of genetically improved crops?

5 applications of genetics (memorize nalang) PMGLG

BT corn

What is Bacillus thuringiensis corn called? GENETIC ENGINEERING PO ITO

Dolly

What was the name of the first cloned sheep?

Polly

What was the name of the second cloned sheep?

Trihybrid Cross

What cross involves three traits with parents heterozygous at all three loci?

Fork Line Method

What method is used for trihybrid crossing?