Speech and Language Development

Communication

Communication is when there is an exchange of messages to send ideas, feelings, and information

What three things need to happen for communication to truly occur?

The message needs to be sent and received, and both parties need to understand the message

Non-verbal communication occurs without what?

Speech

What are examples of non-verbal communication?

Facial expressions, body language, gestures, eye contact, silence

Verbal communication involves what?

Words, whether they are written, spoken, or signed

Match the communication category to the correct percentage (what percent of communication makes up these cues)

Non-verbal

Voice/suprasegmentals (tone, pitch, loudness, etc.)

Words we speak

Non-verbal: 70%

Voice/suprasegmentals (tone, pitch): 20%

Words we speak: 10%

Most communication is what type?

Non-verbal

Language

A learned system of symbols that are established and follow a rule governed structure for communication

What is an example where a message has been sent, but not received? What does this mean?

Sending a text but the other person has not read it yet. This means that communication has not occurred.

Receptive language

Receiving and understanding a message

What is expressive language?

Generating and then sending the message

What comes first—expressive or receptive communication?

Expressive

Language is ___, meaning we are born with a biological readiness to learn a language

Innate

Speech

The physiological process that is used to orally express language

Speech is the medium/tool for how we deliver what?

The message we are trying to convey

Articulation

The placement of the articulator is used to create a specific phoneme

Phoneme

Sound (r, s, sh, etc.)

Articulator examples

Teeth, tongue, lips

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaningful language

Example of morphemes

Dog, tree, car, water

Voice

The quality of sound produced

Fluency

The continuous, smooth production of speech

Inflection

The change in pitch, tone, or loudness to convey meaning, emotion, or grammatical intent

Example of a change in inflection

I went to the store vs. I went to the store?

Stress

Emphasizing and bringing attention to certain words in a phrase, which can completely change the meaning and feelings behind a message

Pre-linguistic vocalizations, and who does this?

Making sounds without language. Babies do this, and they babble or make sounds without words.

Echolalia

Occurs when speech is repeated (very typical in children between 18 and 24 months)

If echolalia persists beyond 24 months, then what do we have concerns about?

Autism

What are the five language components?

Semantics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics

Semantics

The rule system for meanings of words (we are talking about a client’s vocabulary)

Phonology

The rules for the smallest unit of sound in language (turtle vs. turtles)

Syntax

The rules for sentence structure in a language that allows us to organize phrases, clauses, and sentences (how do we construct the sentence itself grammatically?)

Pragmatics

The rules for using language in social contexts (how do I initiate/end a conversation, social cues in a conversation, etc.)