APUSH Chapter 30: The Civil Rights Movement and the 1960s

This set of flashcards covers key terms, events, and concepts related to the Civil Rights Movement and the 1960s in American history.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery throughout the United States in 1865.

14th Amendment

Guaranteed equal protection under the law and due process to all U.S. citizens, ensuring citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil, including formerly enslaved individuals.

15th Amendment

Prohibited states from denying voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of 'separate but equal.'

Separate but equal

Doctrine that allowed for racial segregation as long as facilities were deemed equal.

Jim Crow laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to fight racial discrimination.

Sweatt v. Painter

1950 Supreme Court case requiring the University of Texas to admit an African American student.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A year-long boycott of Montgomery's bus system initiated by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat.

Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist whose arrest for refusing to surrender her bus seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Little Rock Nine

Group of nine African American students who integrated Little Rock Central High School in 1957.

Sit-ins

Protests in which activists sit at segregated lunch counters to demand service.

Freedom Rides

Protests where Black and white activists rode buses through the South to challenge segregation.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Prominent leader of the civil rights movement who advocated for nonviolent resistance.

Letter from Birmingham Jail

A letter written by MLK defending the urgency of civil rights action.

March on Washington

A 1963 event where MLK delivered his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation that prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and employment, outlawing segregation.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation aimed at overcoming legal barriers faced by African Americans in voting.

Cold War

Period of political tension between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.

Space Race

Competition between the U.S. and USSR for dominance in space exploration.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed U.S. military invasion of Cuba aimed at overthrowing Fidel Castro.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation between the U.S. and USSR over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Berlin Wall

Barrier built by the Soviet Union in 1961 to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West.

Great Society

Lyndon B. Johnson's set of domestic programs aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice.

War on Poverty

President Johnson’s initiative that created support programs like Medicare and Medicaid.

Women’s Liberation Movement

Social movement aimed at achieving equality for women, bolstered by texts like Friedan's 'The Feminine Mystique.'

Chicano Movement

Movement advocating for civil rights and social justice for Mexican Americans.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Grassroots movement advocating for Native American rights and issues.

Vietnam War

Conflict in Vietnam lasting from 1954 to 1975, involving U.S. military intervention.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

1964 legislation that granted LBJ authority to escalate U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.

Tet Offensive

Surprise attack by North Vietnamese forces in 1968 that significantly impacted U.S. public perception of the war.

Vietnamization

Nixon's strategy to withdraw U.S. forces from Vietnam and transfer responsibility to South Vietnamese forces.

Fall of Saigon

The 1975 event marking the end of the Vietnam War as Saigon fell to communist forces.

Watergate Scandal

Political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, leading to President Nixon's resignation.

Oil Crisis

1973 event where OPEC cut oil exports to the U.S., causing economic difficulties.

Iran Hostage Crisis

Event where Iranian revolutionaries seized 52 American hostages from the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.