"Michelangelo, Caravaggio, & Bernini" Mifsud Final

who completely rebuilt the facade on Via del Corso

Gabriele Valvassori in 1731-1731

• example of Rococo in Baroque

  • walls & windows

Michelangelo was primarily an

architect

exedra

semicircular recess

The Statue of St. Bruno is

Neoclassical

Galleria Doria-Pamphilj Image

Rococo (1740-1770)

delicate & fancy

• shellwork, foliage, drapery, garland, swag

Portrait of Innocent X- Diego Velázquez (1650) Image

Portrait of Innocent X- Diego Velázquez (1650)

• triumph of naturalism in different textures of face and hands, satin, linen, velvet

Olimpia Maidalchini

“was intelligent, although not deeply cultivated; her greatest interest was hunting. She was a determined woman, somewhat mannish and possessed two great faults: she was grasping and ambitious for power”

Portrait of Olimpia Maidalchini - Alessandro Algardi (1646/7) Image

how was oil pigment applied on Portrait of Innocent X (1650)

Velàzquez applied with fluid brushstrokes

• derived from Venetian school

Rest After the Flight into Egypt is considered Caravaggio’s 1st..

religious work dating from the earliest part if his career in Rome

Rest After the Flight into Egypt- Caravaggio- 1595-96 Image

Rest After the Flight into Egypt was notable for its

unique composition

Rest After the Flight into Egypt scene

semi-nude angel Gabriel cuts the painting into two separate scenes with his placement in the middle of the foreground but his back to the viewer

Repentant or Penitent Magdalene- Caravaggio (1595/96) Image

why is Repentant or Penitent Magdalene unique

most scenes from previous centuries Magdalen is often pictured semi-nude

how is Repentant or Penitent Magdalene dressed in painting

woman of Caravaggio’s time next to her “vanities”

• oils

• pearls

• jewelry

Landscape with the Flight into Egypt- Annibale Carracci (1604)

Landscape with the Flight into Egypt shows an important example of a type of

17th Century landscape painting in which the figures appear in an idealized landscape

Landscape with the Flight into Egypt was idealized because

Carracci studied the countryside around Rome and then recreated water, trees, mountains, and sky into a carefully constructed scene

Landscape with the Flight into Egypt has a human presence that is strongly evident

• holy family, boatman, Shepard, farmer, and the fortress-like architecture

For the Villa Borghese the patron

wanted a unique and seperate building to specifically showcase his art collection, entertain members of his personal entourage, and astound out-of-town guests

Cardinalis Nepos means

Cardinal Nephew

the Galleria Borghese is referred to

rooms of unique art collection

Cardinal Scipone commisoned Flamino ponzo as

archietct of Villa Borghese

Young Bernini

• privileged son of a Papal sculptor

• began studying ancient sculptures in the Vatican

  • sketching from both antiquity and the works of Renaissance artists

Bernini’s 1st complete work in marble that we have to date

The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun

The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun- Bernini (1609) Image

The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun was made when Bernini was

10/11 years old

Bernini’s first commission

Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius Fleeing Troy

Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius Fleeing Troy- Bernini (1618) Image

Bernini’s conscientious studies

• fire in the borgo

• risen christ

• bear

Pluto & Persephone- Bernini- (1621-1622)

what Hibbard said about Pluto & Persephone

the texture of the skin, the flying ropes of hair, the tears of Persephone, and above all the yielding flesh of the girl in the clutch of her divine abductor initiate a new phase of sculptural history

Bernini captures the moment of Pluto & Persephone

where the young goddess is taken into the aggressive muscular clutches; she is trying to get away

raptio in Latin means

abduction/ kidnapping

where is it believed that Bernini took inspo from for Pluto & Persephone

late renaissance work found in Florence

• Rape of the Sabine Women by Giambologna of 1582

  • known for its multiple angles

Apollo and Daphne- Bernini- (1622-1625) Image

For the Apollo and Daphne-

Apollo’s body is directly to the classical ancient sculpture of the Vatican collection, the Apollo Belvedere

David- Bernini- (1623-1624) Image

While working on the Apollo & Daphne Bernini simultaneously

began & completed “David” in 7 months

signifigant difference between David (by Bernini) and works of Apollo or Pluto is that

the figure of the adversary is absent

• he is alone

David’s grimace

believed to be created thanks to a mirror held by the patron himself, Cardinal Scipone Borghese, for Bernini who carved his own face as the young biblical hero as he tensed up his face to get the exact expression

Portrait busts of Cardinal Scipone Borghese- Bernini- (1632) Image

Cardinal Scipone Borghese is not only a precious document portrated by a great artist it is

also milestone in the history of scultpture and one of the finest portraits of all time

Boy with the Basket of Fruit- Caravaggio- (1593) Image

The Sickly Bacchus- Caravaggio- (1594) Image

The Sickly Bacchus(1594) & Boy with the Basket of Fruit by Caravaggio(1593):

the secular works and studies of still life and young boys. These works were sponsered by an early patron, Giuseppe Cesari known as the Cavaliere d’Arpino

In the Boy with a Basket we notice a

strong diagonal shadow cast by light apparently entering the room from above, the beginning of Caravaggio’s “cellular light”

Boy with a Basket the fruit is

• painted with earthy realism

• at edge of picture plane

• leans into the viewers space

• & there is a plain background of ambiguous space

In The Sickly Bacchus(1594) we see the customary

still life & young man genre

• that is in most of Bernini’s earlies works

What are Bernini’s 3 great works in the Borghese Collection

1. Pluto & Persephone

2. Apollo & Daphne

3. David

The Madonna & Child with St. Anne- Caravaggio- (1605/6) Image

The Madonna & Child with St. Anne by Caravaggio is how tall

nearly 10 ft ta;;

In “The Madonna & Child with St. Anne” the figures of Mary and Jesus emerge from an

unreadable space that is dark

• yet their bodies are illuminated by a strong light from the left of the painting

“The Madonna & Child with St. Anne” shows

• St. Anne as witness to the right

• Mary and with Christ

  • “fruit of her womb”

  The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception comes to fruition as 3 figures in their blood relations help to reaffirm such doctrine

The Triton Fountain- Bernini (1642/3) Image

The Triton Fountain is Bernini’s first

free-standing urban fountain for Rome

The Triton Fountain was first of its kind

• a sculptural monument like those in private fountains for gardens

• now acting as a fountain for a public urban setting

Bernini’s Triton will always be

THE fountain

Bernini was NEVER done archietecture before

Palazzo Barberini

Palazzo Barberini Image

When making Palazzo Barberini, ______________ had hope to be called in as the chief architect for the Palazzo but was passed up for Bernini the “Papal Favorite”

• (At this point, Bernini has not exercised his talent as an architect)

Francesco Borromini

Pope Urban VIII said to Bernini

“Your luck is great to see Cardinal Maffeo Barberini Pope, Calaliere (sir/knight referring to Bernini); but ours is much greater to have Cavalier Bernini alive in our pontificate”

who had an unmatched history of artistic patronage (1623-1644)

Pope Urban VIII & Bernini

Square Staircase- Bernini (1630) Image

Helicoidal Staircase- Francesco Borromini-

(1633-1634) Image

Borromini’s staircase is

helicoidal & turns on its rotational axis

Judith Beheading Holofernes- Caravaggio- (1598-1599) Image

Judith Beheading Holofernes (Caravaggio) overview:

closing in on the 16th century and just under 10 years after he transferred to Rome, Caravaggio began to paint works with

• greater drama, cruelty, & violence

Judith Beheading Holofernes was Caravaggio’s

first historical work

Judith & Holofernes had been painted during the 15th century but

never with such extreme and harsh realism

• shows exact moment of death

Judith Beheading Holofernes- position perspective:

• Caravaggio’s work are often thrust into foreground

• however the placement of Judith’s arms and their perspective do not seem to reflect

  • the motion

  • sheer weight of the murder she is commiting

Fresco know by three names; what are the names

1. The Triumph of Divine Providence

2. Allegory of Divine Providence & the Triumph of Barberini Power

3. The Triumph of Divine Providence & the Fulfillment of its Purpose under Pope Urban VIII

The fresco known by three names:

1. The Triumph of Divine Providence

2. Allegory of Divine Providence & the Triumph of Barberini Power

3. The Triumph of Divine Providence & the Fulfillment of its Purpose under Pope Urban VIII

was created by?

Pietro Da Cortona (1632-1639)

1. The Triumph of Divine Providence

2. Allegory of Divine Providence & the Triumph of Barberini Power

3. The Triumph of Divine Providence & the Fulfillment of its Purpose under Pope Urban VIII

All titles of this fresco convey the same meaning:

exalt (speak highly of) & legitimize the Papal rule of the House of Barberini

Pietro Da Cortona’s

1. The Triumph of Divine Providence

2. Allegory of Divine Providence & the Triumph of Barberini Power

3. The Triumph of Divine Providence & the Fulfillment of its Purpose under Pope Urban VIII

(1632-1639) Image:

Soon after his election Pope Urban VIII made

• his brother & 2 nephews Cardinals

• his second brother, a prince

Painting Technique of

1. The Triumph of Divine Providence

2. Allegory of Divine Providence & the Triumph of Barberini Power

3. The Triumph of Divine Providence & the Fulfillment of its Purpose under Pope Urban VIII

was:

• quadratura

  • painting on ceiling or wall to create the illusion of limitless space

  • there is often painted columns, arches, and architecture that mimics the space below

The Quadratura Technique is

• painting on ceiling or wall to create the illusion of limitless space

  • there is often painted columns, arches, and architecture that mimics the space below

Piazza Navona- “Fountain of the Four Rivers”

the concetto was:

1. proclaim the universality of the Catholic Church on the 4 main continents

2. confirm the universal rule of the papacy

3. celebrate the triumph of Pope Innocent X & the Pamphilj Family

“concetto” means to

convey a definite message

Piazza Navona- “Fountain of the Four Rivers'“- Bernini (1648-1651) Image

Piazza Navona- “Fountain of the Four Rivers” showcases what rivers

1. Nile (Africa)

2. Ganges (Asia)

3. Rio de la Plata (South America)

4. Danube (Europe)

The Church of St. Agnes (1652-1660’s) is made by

1. father-son duo Girolamo & Carlo Rainaldi (1652)

2. Borromini (1653)

3. Bernini (1660’s)

The Church of St. Agnes (1652-1660’s) Image

On The Church of St. Agnes the ________ and _______ are reminiscent of earlier projects for St.Peters in the Vatican

facade & dome

Giovan Battista Gauli (or Baciccio) (disciple of Bernini) painted

“Virtues of Christian Life” in the pendentives under the dome of The Church of St. Agnes

The Church of Santa Maria della Pace (St. Mary of Peace) Image

In The Church of Santa Maria della Pace (St. Mary of Peace) the flanking concave walls (like wings) create

interplay with the convex facade which is a frequent Baroque theme in architecture

• facade divided into 2 stories

Chiesa di Sant’ Agostino (St. Augustine Church) Image

Cavalleti Chapel- Madonna di Loreto or Madonna of the Pilgrims- Caravaggio (1604) Image

For “Madonna di Loreto or Madonna of the Pilgrims” Caravaggio’s treatment of relgious subjects where he

“humanizes the divine”

• is evident in the

  • realism of the figures

  • immediacy of the scene

  • dramatic chiaroscuro

Contarelli Chapel of La Chiesa di San Luigi dei Francesi (St.Louis of the French) was

Caracaggio’s 1st major religious commission (1599)

Caravaggio’s real name is

Michelangelo Merisi

• Caravaggio was the town he was born in

Caravaggio’s birth & death

1571- 1610

• (16th century- 17th century)

Elements of Caravaggio’s works

1. naturalism

2. religious paintings

3. chiaroscuro

4. working methods

Caravaggio’s Naturalism:

• observation & imitation of real world

• used ordinary people as models for religious subjects

The purpose of Caravaggio’s Religious Paintings was to

break down the barriers between spectator & subject