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heat of reaction
the quantity of energy released or absorbed as heat during a chemical reaction
enthalpy
the amount of thermal energy emitted or absorbed by a chemical reaction, under conditions of constant pressure
volatile liquid
a liquid that evaporates readily
surroundings
everything in the universe surrounding a thermodynamic system
heat energy
a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
joule
si unit of energy
vaporization
when a liquid or solid changes into a gas
heat transfer
the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
equilibrium
condition in which 2 opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
potential energy
energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed
hess's law
overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process
system
a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation
chemical energy
energy associated with the relative positions if electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules
thermal energy
associated with the temperature of an object
calorimeter
a device used to measure the heat absorbed or released in a chemical or physical change
calorie
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
le chatelier principle
equilibrium is disturbed because of stress, it gets a new equilibrium to minimize the stress
heat
the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures
heat of combustion
The heat of reaction for the complete burning of one mole of a substance.
thermochemistry
study of the relationships btw. chemistry energy
specific heat
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius
